plier

English

Etymology

ply +‎ -er

Pronunciation
  • Audio (US)(file)

Noun

plier (plural pliers)

  1. One who plies.
  2. attributive form of pliers
    a 3-piece plier kit

Derived terms

See also

Anagrams

French

Etymology

Inherited from Latin plicāre. This produced Old French ploiier, pleier in Old French, which was later changed analogically under the influence of the stressed stem pli-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pli.je/
  • audio(file)

Verb

plier

  1. (transitive) to fold (bend (something) over; arrange by folding)
  2. to fold up
  3. to bend
  4. to mess up; to do in; to damage
  5. (figuratively) to kill, kill off (a game)

Conjugation
Conjugation of plier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple plier
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple pliant
/pli.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle plié
/pli.je/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plie
/pli/		 plies
/pli/		 plie
/pli/		 plions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliez
/pli.je/		 plient
/pli/
imperfect pliais
/pli.jɛ/		 pliais
/pli.jɛ/		 pliait
/pli.jɛ/		 pliions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliiez
/pli.je/		 pliaient
/pli.jɛ/
past historic2 pliai
/pli.je/		 plias
/pli.ja/		 plia
/pli.ja/		 pliâmes
/pli.jam/		 pliâtes
/pli.jat/		 plièrent
/pli.jɛʁ/
future plierai
/pli.ʁe/		 plieras
/pli.ʁa/		 pliera
/pli.ʁa/		 plierons
/pli.ʁɔ̃/		 plierez
/pli.ʁe/		 plieront
/pli.ʁɔ̃/
conditional plierais
/pli.ʁɛ/		 plierais
/pli.ʁɛ/		 plierait
/pli.ʁɛ/		 plierions
/pli.ʁjɔ̃/		 plieriez
/pli.ʁje/		 plieraient
/pli.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plie
/pli/		 plies
/pli/		 plie
/pli/		 pliions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliiez
/pli.je/		 plient
/pli/
imperfect2 pliasse
/pli.jas/		 pliasses
/pli.jas/		 pliât
/pli.ja/		 pliassions
/pli.ja.sjɔ̃/		 pliassiez
/pli.ja.sje/		 pliassent
/pli.jas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — plie
/pli/		 — plions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliez
/pli.je/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Maltese

Etymology

From Italo-Romance (compare Italian piliere), from Old French piler, from Vulgar Latin *pilāre, derived from pila.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /plɪːr/

Noun

plier m (plural plieri)

  1. pillar
    Synonym: kolonna

Middle French

Etymology

Modified from Old French pleier, ploiier under the influence of the stressed stem pli-.

Verb

plier

  1. to fold

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of plier
infinitive simple plier
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple pliant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle plié
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plie plies plie plions pliez plient
imperfect pliois, plioys pliois, plioys plioit, plioyt pliions, pliyons pliiez, pliyez plioient, plioyent
past historic plia plias plia pliasmes pliastes plierent
future plierai, plieray plieras pliera plierons plierez plieront
conditional plierois, plieroys plierois, plieroys plieroit, plieroyt plierions, plieryons plieriez, plieryez plieroient, plieroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plie plies plie plions pliez plient
imperfect pliasse pliasses pliast pliassions pliassiez pliassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — plie — plions pliez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants
  • French: plier
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