perspiro

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /perˈspiː.roː/, [pɛrˈs̠piːroː]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /perˈspi.ro/, [perˈspiːro]

Verb

perspīrō (present infinitive perspīrāre, perfect active perspīrāvī, supine perspīrātum); first conjugation

to breathe everywhere
- 234 BCE – 149 BCE, Cato the Elder, De Re Rustica 157
to blow constantly
- c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2.116

Conjugation

Conjugation of perspīrō (first conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perspīrō	perspīrās	perspīrat	perspīrāmus	perspīrātis	perspīrant
	imperfect	perspīrābam	perspīrābās	perspīrābat	perspīrābāmus	perspīrābātis	perspīrābant
	future	perspīrābō	perspīrābis	perspīrābit	perspīrābimus	perspīrābitis	perspīrābunt
	perfect	perspīrāvī	perspīrāvistī	perspīrāvit	perspīrāvimus	perspīrāvistis	perspīrāvērunt, perspīrāvēre
	pluperfect	perspīrāveram	perspīrāverās	perspīrāverat	perspīrāverāmus	perspīrāverātis	perspīrāverant
	future perfect	perspīrāverō	perspīrāveris	perspīrāverit	perspīrāverimus	perspīrāveritis	perspīrāverint
passive	present	perspīror	perspīrāris, perspīrāre	perspīrātur	perspīrāmur	perspīrāminī	perspīrantur
	imperfect	perspīrābar	perspīrābāris, perspīrābāre	perspīrābātur	perspīrābāmur	perspīrābāminī	perspīrābantur
	future	perspīrābor	perspīrāberis, perspīrābere	perspīrābitur	perspīrābimur	perspīrābiminī	perspīrābuntur
	perfect	perspīrātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	perspīrātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	perspīrātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	perspīrem	perspīrēs	perspīret	perspīrēmus	perspīrētis	perspīrent
	imperfect	perspīrārem	perspīrārēs	perspīrāret	perspīrārēmus	perspīrārētis	perspīrārent
	perfect	perspīrāverim	perspīrāverīs	perspīrāverit	perspīrāverīmus	perspīrāverītis	perspīrāverint
	pluperfect	perspīrāvissem	perspīrāvissēs	perspīrāvisset	perspīrāvissēmus	perspīrāvissētis	perspīrāvissent
passive	present	perspīrer	perspīrēris, perspīrēre	perspīrētur	perspīrēmur	perspīrēminī	perspīrentur
	imperfect	perspīrārer	perspīrārēris, perspīrārēre	perspīrārētur	perspīrārēmur	perspīrārēminī	perspīrārentur
	perfect	perspīrātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	perspīrātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	perspīrā	—	—	perspīrāte	—
active	future	—	perspīrātō	perspīrātō	—	perspīrātōte	perspīrantō
passive	present	—	perspīrāre	—	—	perspīrāminī	—
passive	future	—	perspīrātor	perspīrātor	—	—	perspīrantor
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		perspīrāre	perspīrāvisse	perspīrātūrum esse	perspīrārī	perspīrātum esse	perspīrātum īrī
participles		perspīrāns	—	perspīrātūrus	—	perspīrātus	perspīrandus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		perspīrandī	perspīrandō	perspīrandum	perspīrandō	perspīrātum	perspīrātū

Descendants

English: perspire

References

“perspiro”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
perspiro in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

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