pardduo

Welsh

Etymology

parddu (“soot, smut”) +‎ -o

Pronunciation

Verb

pardduo (first-person singular present pardduaf)

  1. (transitive) to cover with soot, to blacken
    Synonym: duo
    Trwy ddweud hyn, rydych yn pardduo enw da pobl yr ardal.
    In saying this, you are blackening the good name of the people in the area.
  2. (intransitive) to become black, to blacken
    Synonym: duo

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future pardduaf parddui parddua pardduwn pardduwch pardduant pardduir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 pardduwn pardduit pardduai pardduem pardduech pardduent pardduid
preterite pardduais pardduaist pardduodd pardduasom pardduasoch pardduasant pardduwyd
pluperfect pardduaswn pardduasit pardduasai pardduasem pardduasech pardduasent pardduasid, pardduesid
present subjunctive pardduwyf pardduych pardduo pardduom pardduoch pardduont pardduer
imperative — parddua parddued pardduwn pardduwch pardduent pardduer
verbal noun pardduo
verbal adjectives pardduedig
pardduadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future parddua i, pardduaf i parddui di pardduith o/e/hi, pardduiff e/hi pardduwn ni pardduwch chi pardduan nhw
conditional pardduwn i, pardduswn i pardduet ti, pardduset ti pardduai fo/fe/hi, parddusai fo/fe/hi pardduen ni, parddusen ni pardduech chi, parddusech chi pardduen nhw, parddusen nhw
preterite pardduais i, parddues i pardduaist ti, pardduest ti pardduodd o/e/hi pardduon ni pardduoch chi pardduon nhw
imperative — parddua — — pardduwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
pardduo bardduo mhardduo phardduo
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pardduo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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