olc

See also: OLC and ölç

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish olc, from Proto-Celtic *ulkos.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɔl̪ˠk/, /ɔlˠk/[2][3]

Noun

olc m (genitive singular oilc, nominative plural oilc)

  1. evil
  2. bad (in the world; of people, things)
  3. misfortune
  4. grudge

Declension
Declension of olc

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative olc oilc
Vocative a oilc a olca
Genitive oilc olc
Dative olc oilc

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an t-olc na hoilc
Genitive an oilc na n-olc
Dative leis an olc

don olc

 leis na hoilc

Adjective

olc (genitive singular masculine oilc, genitive singular feminine oilce, plural olca, comparative measa)

  1. bad, evil
  2. unfortunate
  3. wicked

Declension
Declension of olc
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative olc olc olca
Vocative oilc olca
Genitive oilce olca olc
Dative olc olc;
oilc (archaic)		 olca
Comparative níos measa
Superlative is measa

Synonyms

Mutation
Irish mutation
RadicalEclipsiswith h-prothesiswith t-prothesis
olc n-olc holc not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “olc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 20
  3. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 39

Further reading

Old Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ulkos, of uncertain etymology. May be related to Latin ulcus and English ill. Alternatively, it may be from Proto-Indo-European *wĺ̥kʷos (“wolf”), although there are considerable phonological and semantic difficulties with this etymology.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /olk/

Adjective

olc (comparative messa, superlative mesam)

  1. bad, evil
    • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 51b10
      In tan as·mber Dauid “intellectum tibi dabo”, sech is arde són do·mbéra Día do neuch nod·n-eirbea ind ⁊ génas triit con·festar cid as imgabthi do dénum di ulc ⁊ cid as déinti dó di maith. Aithesc trá lesom insin a persin Dǽ.
      When David says, “I will give thee understanding”, that is a sign that God will give to everyone that will trust in him, and work through him, that he may know what evil he must avoid doing, and what good he must do. He has then here a reply in the person of God.

Inflection

Due to the adjective's near-exclusive use as a nominative predicative adjective (with the prefix droch serving attributive function), inflections of the adjective are rarely, if ever, encountered. However, inflections of substantivized forms of this adjective are common.

o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative olc olc olc
Vocative uilc*
olc**
Accusative olc uilc
Genitive uilc uilce uilc
Dative ulc uilc ulc
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative uilc olca
Vocative ulcu
olca†
Accusative ulcu
olca†
Genitive olc
Dative olcaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Descendants
  • Irish: olc
  • Manx: olk
  • Scottish Gaelic: olc

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
olc unchanged n-olc
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish olc, from Proto-Celtic *ulkos.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɔɫ̪xk/

Noun

olc m (genitive uilc, plural uilc)

  1. evil, wickedness
    Nar fhaiceam olc, nar chluinneam olc, nar labhram olc. ― See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.
    Chan eil cleith air an olc ach gun a dhèanamh. ― The only way to conceal evil is not to commit it.
  2. harm, hurt
  3. infamy, mischief, wrongdoing

Adjective

olc (comparative miosa, qualitative noun miosad)

  1. evil, wicked, bad
    'S olc an comharradh air a' chreig na h-eòin a bhith a' falbh aiste ― It's a bad sign on the rock for the birds to go away.
  2. infamous, untoward, reprobate

Synonyms

Derived terms
  • cha tig olc à teine (“fire purifies (fig.)”)
  • co-olc (“anger”)
  • co-olcach (“angry”)
  • co-olcail (“angry, annoyed”)
  • eadar math is olc (“both good and bad”)
  • olc no èiginn (“one way or another, anyway”)
  • olcas (“wickedness, badness”)
  • thig an t-olc na bheachd (“speak of the Devil”)
  • thig an t-olc ri iomradh (“speak of the Devil”)

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
RadicalEclipsiswith h-prothesiswith t-prothesis
olcn-olch-olct-olc
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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