masculus

• masclus, mascel (late, proscribed)

From mās ("male", obl. stem marem) +‎ -culus (diminutive ending).

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmas.ku.lus/, [ˈmäs̠kʊɫ̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈmas.ku.lus/, [ˈmäskulus]
• Note: the /a/ of this word is presumed to be short as in the oblique stem of the base word, and not long as in the nominative, since word-formation operates on the former.

masculus (feminine mascula, neuter masculum); first/second-declension adjective

1. male, masculine
2. manly, virile
3. Used of the larger and coarser varieties of plants or other natural products
4. (engineering) a male connector

First/second-declension adjective.

masculus m (genitive masculī); second declension

1. a male (of humans or other animals)

Second-declension noun.

• masculīnus

(Most inherited Romance reflexes derive from a syncopated variant masclus, attested in the Appendix Probi.)

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: mascur
  • Megleno-Romanian: mascur
  • Romanian: mascur, mascul
  • → Albanian: mashkull
• Dalmatian:
  • muosclo
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: maschiu
  • Italian: maschio

    Tuscan: mastio

  • Neapolitan: mascolo
  • Sicilian: màsculu
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: mascru, mascu, mascuru, masculu, masciu
• North Italian:
  • Emilian: masc', masti
  • Friulian: mascli, mascjo
  • Istriot: mas'cio
  • Ligurian: màsccio, màscci
  • Lombard: mas'c, mah'c, mar'c
  • Piedmontese: mas-cc
  • Romagnol: masc', masc'e
  • Romansch: mastgel, mascal, mascel, mes-cel, mas-cel
  • Venetian: mas-cio, mascio
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: mascle
  • Franco-Provençal: mâcllo, mâtllo, mâhcllo
  • Old French: masle, malle
    • French: mâle
    • Picard: merle
    • Walloon: mâie, maul
    • → Middle English: male, madle, mascle, mal, masle, maule, mawle
      • English: male
      • Scots: male
  • Occitan: mascle
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Aragonese: masclo, masto, mascllo (Ribagorçan)
  • Old Spanish: maslo, macho
    • Spanish: macho
      • → English: macho
  • Asturian: machu
  • Leonese: machu
  • Galician: macho
  • Portuguese: macho

• Borrowings:
  • → Italian: mascolo, masculo
  • → Portuguese: másculo
  • → Spanish: másculo

• “masculus” on page 1190 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)
• “mâle” in Émile Littré, Dictionnaire de la langue française, 1872–1877.
• AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 1078: “il maschio e la femmina” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

• “masculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “masculus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• masculus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.