kumbuka

Chichewa

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kuˈᵐbu.ka/

Verb

-kumbuka (infinitive kukúmbuka)

  1. remember, recall

Derived terms
  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -kumbukira
    • Causative: -kumbutsa (“remind”)

Swahili

Pronunciation
  • Audio (DR Congo, non-native)(file)
    (in the form nakumbuka, "I remember")
  • Audio (Kenya)(file)

Verb

-kumbuka (infinitive kukumbuka)

  1. to remember, recall

Conjugation
Conjugation of -kumbuka
Positive present -nakumbuka
Subjunctive -kumbuke
Negative -kumbuki
Imperative singular kumbuka
Infinitives
Positive kukumbuka
Negative kutokumbuka
Imperatives
Singular kumbuka
Plural kumbukeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukumbuka
Positive past positive subject concord + -likumbuka
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukumbuka
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakumbuka)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakumbuka/nakumbuka tunakumbuka
2nd person unakumbuka mnakumbuka
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakumbuka wanakumbuka
other classes positive subject concord + -nakumbuka
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kumbuki)
Singular Plural
1st person sikumbuki hatukumbuki
2nd person hukumbuki hamkumbuki
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakumbuki hawakumbuki
other classes negative subject concord + -kumbuki
Positive future positive subject concord + -takumbuka
Negative future negative subject concord + -takumbuka
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kumbuke)
Singular Plural
1st person nikumbuke tukumbuke
2nd person ukumbuke mkumbuke
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akumbuke wakumbuke
other classes positive subject concord + -kumbuke
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikumbuke
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekumbuka
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekumbuka
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikumbuka
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikumbuka
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akumbuka)
Singular Plural
1st person nakumbuka twakumbuka
2nd person wakumbuka mwakumbuka
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akumbuka wakumbuka
m-mi(III/IV) wakumbuka yakumbuka
ji-ma(V/VI) lakumbuka yakumbuka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakumbuka vyakumbuka
n(IX/X) yakumbuka zakumbuka
u(XI) wakumbuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakumbuka
pa(XVI) pakumbuka
mu(XVIII) mwakumbuka
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekumbuka
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakumbuka
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakumbuka
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikumbuka
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokumbuka
Consecutive kakumbuka / positive subject concord + -kakumbuka
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakumbuke
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nikumbuka -tukumbuka
2nd person -kukumbuka -wakumbuka/-kukumbukeni/-wakumbukeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkumbuka -wakumbuka
m-mi(III/IV) -ukumbuka -ikumbuka
ji-ma(V/VI) -likumbuka -yakumbuka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikumbuka -vikumbuka
n(IX/X) -ikumbuka -zikumbuka
u(XI) -ukumbuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kukumbuka
pa(XVI) -pakumbuka
mu(XVIII) -mukumbuka
Reflexive -jikumbuka
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kumbuka- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kumbukaye -kumbukao
m-mi(III/IV) -kumbukao -kumbukayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kumbukalo -kumbukayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kumbukacho -kumbukavyo
n(IX/X) -kumbukayo -kumbukazo
u(XI) -kumbukao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kumbukako
pa(XVI) -kumbukapo
mu(XVIII) -kumbukamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kumbuka)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekumbuka -okumbuka
m-mi(III/IV) -okumbuka -yokumbuka
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokumbuka -yokumbuka
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokumbuka -vyokumbuka
n(IX/X) -yokumbuka -zokumbuka
u(XI) -okumbuka see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokumbuka
pa(XVI) -pokumbuka
mu(XVIII) -mokumbuka
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms
  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -kumbukia
    • Causative: -kumbusha (“remind”)
    • Passive: -kumbukwa
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