jihad

• jehad

From Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

• enPR: jĭ-hăd', jĭ-häd, jə-häd', IPA^(key): /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/, /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/, /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/

• Audio (Southern England)

  (file)

• (nonstandard) enPR: jē'-häd, jē'-hăd, IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/, /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/
• Rhymes: -æd, -ɑːd

jihad (countable and uncountable, plural jihads)

Wikiquote

1. (Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.
   • 1938 August 22, “Holy War”, in Time:

     Young Iraqis of both sects obeyed the imams' ruling last week by rushing to conscription offices in hot, dirty, dusty Bagdad to offer themselves or their money for the jihad.

   • 1977, Alistair Horne, A Savage War of Peace, New York: Review Books, published 2006, page 26:

     Small groups of killers, the scent of blood in their nostrils, now fanned out by taxi, bicycle or even on horseback into the surrounding countryside, spreading the word that a general jihad, or ‘holy war’, had broken out.

   • 2013 May 8, Mona Mahmood, Ian Black, The Guardian:

     The Jabhat al-Nusra media, with songs about jihad and martyrdom, is extremely influential.

2. An aggressive campaign for an idea.
   • 1984, 41:18 from the start, in Dune‎ (Science Fiction), spoken by Reverend Mother Ramallo, →OCLC:

     And now, the prophecy. One will come, the voice from the outer world, bringing the holy war, the jihad, which will cleanse the universe and bring us out of darkness.

3. (Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.

• mujahid

jihad (third-person singular simple present jihads, present participle jihading, simple past and past participle jihaded)

1. To participate in a jihad.

• crusade
• holy war
• infidel

• Djahi, hadji

• Audio

  (file)

jihad m (plural jihads, diminutive jihadje n)

1. Alternative form of djihaad

• jihadstrijder

• jihadi
• jihadist

• džihad

Learned borrowing from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād).

• IPA^(key): /ˈdʒihɑd/, [ˈdʒiɦɑ̝d]
• IPA^(key): /ˈjihɑd/, [ˈjiɦɑ̝d]
• IPA^(key): /ˈtsihɑd/, [ˈts̠iɦɑ̝d]
• Rhymes: -ihad
• Syllabification^(key): ji‧had

jihad

1. jihad (Muslims' holy war)

• jihadismi
• jihadisti

• “jihad”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

• IPA^(key): /dʒi.ad/

• Audio

  (file)

jihad m (plural jihads)

1. Alternative form of djihad

jihad m or f (invariable)

1. jihad

Unadapted borrowing from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

jihad f (plural jihads)

1. (Islam) jihad (holy war undertaken by Muslims)

• jihadismo
• jihadista

Borrowed from French djihad.

jihad n (plural jihaduri)

1. jihad

jihad c or n

1. jihad

Almost always as "jihaden" (common gender) in the definite, though "ett jihad" is fairly common.

• jihadism
• jihadist
• jihadistisk

• jihad in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• jihad in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Borrowed from Arabic جِهَاد (jihād, “struggle; effort”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒihad/, [ˈd͡ʒi.hɐd]

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒiˈhad/, [d͡ʒɪˈhad] (prescriptive from Arabic)
• Hyphenation: ji‧had

jihad or jihád (Baybayin spelling ᜇ᜔ᜌᜒᜑᜇ᜔) (Islam)

1. jihad (holy war undertaken by Muslims)

• “jihad” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino‎, Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
• “jihad”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018