jdr

Egyptian

m

Declension of jdr (masculine)

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jdr

jdr

jꜣdr

The determinative can be changed to indicate what type of animal is in the herd, thus:

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jdr

etc.

herd of elephants

flock of geese

etc.

m

Declension of jdr (masculine)

3-lit.

Conjugation of jdr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jdr, geminated stem: jdrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jdr	jdrw, jdr	jdrt	jdr	jdr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jdr	ḥr jdr	m jdr	r jdr

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jdr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jdr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jdr	jdr, jdrw⁵, jdry⁵
imperfective	jdr, jdry, jdrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jdr, jdrj⁶, jdry⁶	jdr, jdrw⁵
prospective	jdr, jdrtj⁷	—	jdrtj⁴, jdrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

3-lit.

Conjugation of jdr (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jdr, geminated stem: jdrr

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jdr	jdrw, jdr	jdrt	jdr	jdr

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jdr	ḥr jdr	m jdr	r jdr

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jdr.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jdr	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jdr	jdr, jdrw⁵, jdry⁵
imperfective	jdr, jdry, jdrw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jdr, jdrj⁶, jdry⁶	jdr, jdrw⁵
prospective	jdr, jdrtj⁷	—	jdrtj⁴, jdrt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 389.

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