jaillir

French

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from a Vulgar Latin *galīre, from Transalpine Gaulish *gali- (“boil, gush, well up”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ʒa.jiʁ/
  • audio(file)

Verb

jaillir

  1. (of liquid, fire, etc.) to spurt out, gush forth
  2. (of person, animal) to spring out
  3. (of tower, obstruction) to thrust up, to jut out
  4. (of idea) to emerge from

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple jaillir
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple jaillissant
/ʒa.ji.sɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle jailli
/ʒa.ji/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present jaillis
/ʒa.ji/		 jaillis
/ʒa.ji/		 jaillit
/ʒa.ji/		 jaillissons
/ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/		 jaillissez
/ʒa.ji.se/		 jaillissent
/ʒa.jis/
imperfect jaillissais
/ʒa.ji.sɛ/		 jaillissais
/ʒa.ji.sɛ/		 jaillissait
/ʒa.ji.sɛ/		 jaillissions
/ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/		 jaillissiez
/ʒa.ji.sje/		 jaillissaient
/ʒa.ji.sɛ/
past historic2 jaillis
/ʒa.ji/		 jaillis
/ʒa.ji/		 jaillit
/ʒa.ji/		 jaillîmes
/ʒa.jim/		 jaillîtes
/ʒa.jit/		 jaillirent
/ʒa.jiʁ/
future jaillirai
/ʒa.ji.ʁe/		 jailliras
/ʒa.ji.ʁa/		 jaillira
/ʒa.ji.ʁa/		 jaillirons
/ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/		 jaillirez
/ʒa.ji.ʁe/		 jailliront
/ʒa.ji.ʁɔ̃/
conditional jaillirais
/ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/		 jaillirais
/ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/		 jaillirait
/ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/		 jaillirions
/ʒa.ji.ʁjɔ̃/		 jailliriez
/ʒa.ji.ʁje/		 jailliraient
/ʒa.ji.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present jaillisse
/ʒa.jis/		 jaillisses
/ʒa.jis/		 jaillisse
/ʒa.jis/		 jaillissions
/ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/		 jaillissiez
/ʒa.ji.sje/		 jaillissent
/ʒa.jis/
imperfect2 jaillisse
/ʒa.jis/		 jaillisses
/ʒa.jis/		 jaillît
/ʒa.ji/		 jaillissions
/ʒa.ji.sjɔ̃/		 jaillissiez
/ʒa.ji.sje/		 jaillissent
/ʒa.jis/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — jaillis
/ʒa.ji/		 — jaillissons
/ʒa.ji.sɔ̃/		 jaillissez
/ʒa.ji.se/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Old French

Alternative forms
  • galir (common)
  • jalir (common)

Verb

jaillir

  1. (of a liquid, often blood) to spurt out; to shoot out

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of jaillir (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive jaillir avoir jailli
gerund en jaillissant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle jaillissant
past participle jailli
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present jaillis jaillis jaillist jaillissons jaillissez jaillissent
imperfect jaillissoie, jaillisseie jaillissoies, jaillisseies jaillissoit, jaillisseit jaillissiiens, jaillissiens jaillissiiez, jaillissiez jaillissoient, jaillisseient
preterite jailli jaillis jailli jaillimes jaillistes jaillirent
future jaillirai jailliras jaillira jaillirons jailliroiz, jaillireiz, jaillirez jailliront
conditional jailliroie, jaillireie jailliroies, jaillireies jailliroit, jaillireit jailliriiens, jailliriens jailliriiez, jailliriez jailliroient, jaillireient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present jaillisse jaillisses jaillisse jaillissons jaillissez jaillissent
imperfect jaillisse jaillisses jaillist jaillissons, jaillissiens jaillissoiz, jaillissez, jaillissiez jaillissent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— jaillis — jaillissons jaillissez —

Descendants
  • Middle French: jaillir
  • Norman: galir

References
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