hof

See also: Hof, HOF, Hoff, and hóf

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from German Hof. Doublet of howff.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

  1. Enclosure, court, dwelling, building, house.
    • 1993 May, Trevor William, “Jake's Castle”, in Harper's Magazine:
      Ulrike lived in a farm hof, and all around me were the dark blank fields punctuated by a few disparate lights.
    • 2009, Chloe Aridjis, Book of Clouds, 1st edition, New York: Black Cat:
      Like many old houses, this one had a front section, where I lived, and at the back an interior courtyard, the Hof, enclosed on all three sides by more apartments.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Old Norse hof or Old English hof, reinforced in modern (post-1990, chiefly neopagan) use by Icelandic hof (“shrine, temple”).

Pronunciation
  • enPR: hōf, IPA(key): /hoʊf/
    • Audio (Southern England)(file)
  • Rhymes: -oʊf

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

  1. (Germanic paganism) temple, sanctuary, hall.
    • 1996, Varg Vikernes, cited after Gardell, Gods of the Blood, published 2003, page 307:
      For each ten churches burned to ashes, one heathen hof is avenged.
    • 2005, Michael Strmiska, Modern Paganism In World Cultures: Comparative Perspectives, page 170:
      Asatruarfelagid lacks a central religious temple, or hof in Icelandic. Constructing a hof has been high on the members' wish list for many years.
    • 2014 November 18, Stubba, The Book of Blots‎, page 102:
      The Candidate for membership of Hof, Garth or Hearth shall hold an Armill, or he may touch an unsheathed Sword throughout the ceremony.
Synonyms

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Korean 호프 (hopeu), in turn from German Hofbräuhaus. In English, the spelling has been re-aligned with the Korean term's etymon.

Noun

hof (plural hofs)

  1. A Korean-style bar or pub.
    • 2009 January 4, Adam B. Ellick, “In Queens: A Melting Pot, and a Closed Book”, in New York Times‎:
      To the south are Korean spas, Korean barbecue joints and hofs, or Korean pubs.

Anagrams

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German hof, from Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą. Cognate with German Hof.

Noun

hof m

  1. (Luserna) garden

Further reading

Danish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /hɔf/, [ˈhʌf]

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German hof, from Old Saxon hof, from Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą, cognate with German Hof (“yard, court, farmyard”), Dutch hof (“yard, court, garden”), Old Norse hof (“shrine; court”). Doublet of hov (“shrine, temple”).

Noun

hof n (singular definite hoffet, plural indefinite hoffer)

  1. court (family and society of a sovereign)
  2. admirers
Declension
Declension of hof
neuter
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hof hoffet hoffer hofferne
genitive hofs hoffets hoffers hoffernes

References

Etymology 2

Clipping of hofpilsner, from hof (“court”) +‎ pilsner (“lager beer”).

Noun

hof c (singular definite hoffen, plural indefinite hof)

  1. Carlsberg beer
Declension
Declension of hof
common
gender		 Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hof hoffen hof hoffene
genitive hofs hoffens hofs hoffenes

References

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch hof, from Old Dutch *hof, from Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɦɔf/
  • audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: hof
  • Rhymes: -ɔf
  • Homophone: Hof

Noun

hof n or m (plural hoven, diminutive hofje n)

  1. court, residence of a monarch or other high-placed person
  2. court, entourage of a monarch or other high-placed person
  3. court of law; short form of gerechtshof
  4. court, yard
  5. (Belgium) garden

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Afrikaans: hof
  • Negerhollands: hofje, hofi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
  • → Papiamentu: hòfi, hoffie (from the diminutive)

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /hɔːv/
  • Rhymes: -ɔːv

Noun

hof n (genitive singular hofs, nominative plural hof)

  1. shrine, typically in a home on farm; by extension a temple

Declension
declension of hof
n-s singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hof hofið hof hofin
accusative hof hofið hof hofin
dative hofi hofinu hofum hofunum
genitive hofs hofsins hofa hofanna

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *hof.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /hɔf/

Noun

hof n or m

  1. court, enclosed space
  2. garden
  3. farmstead
  4. castle (court of the nobility)

Inflection
Declension of hof (strong)
Singular Plural
nominative hof hove
accusative hof hove
genitive hoves hove
dative hove hoven

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Dutch: hof
    • Afrikaans: hof
    • Negerhollands: hofje, hofi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
    • → Papiamentu: hòfi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
  • Limburgish: haof, hoof
  • → Scots: howff

Further reading
  • “hof”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “hof (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /xof/, [hof]

Noun

hof n (nominative plural hofu)

  1. court, hall
  2. house, building
Declension
Declension of hof (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative hof hofu
accusative hof hofu
genitive hofes hofa
dative hofe hofum
Descendants
  • Middle English: *hof, *hove
    • Scots: hoff, howf, hoif, hoiff
    • ⇒ Middle English: hovel, hovil, hovylle (diminutive)
See also

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /xoːf/, [hoːf]

Noun

hōf m

  1. a hoof
Declension
Declension of hof (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative hōf hōfas
accusative hōf hōfas
genitive hōfes hōfa
dative hōfe hōfum
Descendants

Old Frisian
Ēn hof.

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą, from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“to bend”). Cognates include Old English hof, Old Saxon hof and Old Dutch *hof.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈhof/

Noun

hof n

  1. court
Descendants
  • North Frisian: hof
  • Saterland Frisian: Hoaf
  • West Frisian: hôf
Ēn hōf.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱoph₂ós. Cognates include Old English hōf, Old Saxon hōf and Old Dutch *huof.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈhoːf/

Noun

hōf m

  1. hoof
Descendants

References
  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hufą (“hill, house, temple”).

Pronunciation
  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈhov/

Noun

hof n (genitive hofs, plural hof)

  1. (Germanic paganism) shrine, typically in a home of a farm
    • Vǫluspá, verse 7, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2:
      […] þeir er hörg ok hof / hátimbruðu, […]
      […] they who shrines and temples / high timbered, […]
  2. (rare) hall, house
    • Hymiskviða, verse 33, lines 3-4, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 48:
      […] út or óru / ölkjól hofi. […]
      […] the ale-ship [CAULDRON] out from our house […]
  3. (late) a royal court

Usage notes

Old Norse makes the distinction between hof "a hall, a sanctuary with a roof" and hǫrgr (“an altar, any cult site without a roof”). The prevalent meaning of hof in Old Norse literature is “temple, sanctuary”. Cleasby and Vigfússon (1874) note the generic meaning "a hall (as in German and Saxon)" in Hymiskviða 33 as a hapax legomenon. The meaning of “court” follows Middle High German and appears only from the 14th century and almost exclusively in compounds such as hof-ferð (“pride, pomp”), hof-garðr (“lordly mansion”), hof-folk (“courtiers”).

Declension
  Declension of hof (strong a-stem)
neuter singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hof hofit hof hofin
accusative hof hofit hof hofin
dative hofi hofinu hofum hofunum
genitive hofs hofsins hofa hofanna

Coordinate terms

Derived terms
Terms derived from hof
  • blóthof (“heathen temple”)
  • hofferð (“pride, pomp”)
  • hofferðugr (“proud”)
  • hoffólk (“courtiers”)
  • hoffrakt (“pomp”)
  • hofgarðr (“lordly mansion”)
  • hofgoði (“temple-priest”)
  • hofgrið (“asylum in a sanctuary”)
  • hofgyðja (“priestess”)
  • hofhelgr (“temple-feast”)
  • hoflist (“pomp”)
  • hoflýðr (“courtiers”)
  • hofmaðr (“courtier”)
  • hofmóðugr (“haughty”)
  • hofprestr (“temple-priest”)
  • hofsdyrr (“temple-doors”)
  • hofseiðr (“temple-oath”)
  • hofsgoði (“temple-priest”)
  • hofshelgi (“sanctity of a temple”)
  • hofshurð (“temple-door”)
  • hofshǫfðingi (“temple-lord”)
  • hofsmold (“temple mold, holy mold”)
  • hofstaðr (“sanctuary”)
  • hofsteigr (“strip of temple-land”)
  • hoftollr (“temple-toll, rate”)
  • hoftyft (“urbanity”)
  • hofvaerk (“great feat”)
  • hofþénari (“court servant”)

Descendants

References
  • “hof”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • hof in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
  • hof in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą.

Noun

hof n

  1. dwelling, hovel, house
  2. court, hall
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *hōfaz.

Noun

hōf m

  1. a hoof

Swedish

Noun

hof n

  1. Obsolete spelling of hov (“royal court”)
Declension
Declension of hof 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative hof hofvet hof hofven
Genitive hofs hofvets hofs hofvens

Noun

hof c

  1. Obsolete spelling of hov (“hoof”)
Declension
Declension of hof 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative hof hofven hofvar hofvarna
Genitive hofs hofvens hofvars hofvarnas
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.