hiru
Basque
| 30 | ||
| ← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: hiru Ordinal: hirugarren Multiplier: hirukoitz Distributive: hiruna Collective: hirukote Fractional: heren | ||
Alternative forms
- hirur (Navarro-Lapurdian, Navarrese, Souletin)
- irur, iru (Souletin)
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Basque *(h)iluŕ (“three”). Often compared with Iberian ilun (“three”).[1]
Declension
Declension of hiru (numeral, ending in vowel)
| indefinite | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | hiru | hirua | hiruak, hirurak | |
| ergative | hiruk | hiruak | hiruek, hirurek | |
| dative | hiruri | hiruari | hiruei, hirurei | |
| genitive | hiruren | hiruaren | hiruen, hiruren | |
| comitative | hirurekin | hiruarekin | hiruekin, hirurekin | |
| causative | hirurengatik | hiruarengatik | hiruengatik, hirurengatik | |
| benefactive | hirurentzat | hiruarentzat | hiruentzat, hirurentzat | |
| instrumental | hiruz, hirurez | hiruaz | hiruez, hirurez | |
| inessive | anim. | hirurengan | hiruarengan | hiruengan, hirurengan |
| inanim. | hirutan | hiruan | hiruetan, hiruretan | |
| locative | anim. | — | — | — |
| inanim. | hirutako | hiruko | hiruetako, hiruretako | |
| allative | anim. | hirurengana | hiruarengana | hiruengana, hirurengana |
| inanim. | hirutara | hirura | hiruetara, hiruretara | |
| terminative | anim. | hirurenganaino | hiruarenganaino | hiruenganaino, hirurenganaino |
| inanim. | hirutaraino | hiruraino | hiruetaraino, hiruretaraino | |
| directive | anim. | hirurenganantz | hiruarenganantz | hiruenganantz, hirurenganantz |
| inanim. | hirutarantz | hirurantz | hiruetarantz, hiruretarantz | |
| destinative | anim. | hirurenganako | hiruarenganako | hiruenganako, hirurenganako |
| inanim. | hirutarako | hirurako | hiruetarako, hiruretarako | |
| ablative | anim. | hirurengandik | hiruarengandik | hiruengandik, hirurengandik |
| inanim. | hirutatik | hirutik | hiruetatik, hiruretatik | |
| partitive | hirurik | — | — | |
| prolative | hirutzat | — | — | |
References
Further reading
- “hiru” in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], euskaltzaindia.eus
- "hiru" in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy], euskaltzaindia.eus
- “hiru” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
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