harap

Albanian

Noun

harap m (plural harapë, definite harapi)

  1. Alternative form of arap

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *karɜ- (*korɜ-) (“to bite”)[1] + -p (instantaneous suffix).[2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈhɒrɒp]
  • Hyphenation: ha‧rap
  • Rhymes: -ɒp

Verb

harap

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to bite (into someone or something: -ba/-be)

Conjugation
conjugation of harap
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. harapok harapsz harap harapunk haraptok harapnak
Def. harapom harapod harapja harapjuk harapjátok harapják
2nd-p. o. haraplak ―
Past Indef. haraptam haraptál harapott haraptunk haraptatok haraptak
Def. haraptam haraptad harapta haraptuk haraptátok harapták
2nd-p. o. haraptalak ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. harapni fog.
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. harapék harapál harapa harapánk harapátok harapának
Def. harapám harapád harapá harapánk harapátok harapák
2nd-p. o. harapálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. harap vala, harapott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. harapandok harapandasz harapand harapandunk harapandotok harapandanak
Def. harapandom harapandod harapandja harapandjuk harapandjátok harapandják
2nd-p. o. harapandalak ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. harapnék harapnál harapna harapnánk harapnátok harapnának
Def. harapnám harapnád harapná harapnánk
(or harapnók)		 harapnátok harapnák
2nd-p. o. harapnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. harapott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. harapjak harapj or
harapjál		 harapjon harapjunk harapjatok harapjanak
Def. harapjam harapd or
harapjad		 harapja harapjuk harapjátok harapják
2nd-p. o. harapjalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. harapott légyen
Infinitive harapni harapnom harapnod harapnia harapnunk harapnotok harapniuk
Other
forms		 Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
harapás harapó harapott harapandó harapva (harapván) haraptat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of harap
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. haraphatok haraphatsz haraphat haraphatunk haraphattok haraphatnak
Def. haraphatom haraphatod haraphatja haraphatjuk haraphatjátok haraphatják
2nd-p. o. haraphatlak ―
Past Indef. haraphattam haraphattál haraphatott haraphattunk haraphattatok haraphattak
Def. haraphattam haraphattad haraphatta haraphattuk haraphattátok haraphatták
2nd-p. o. haraphattalak ―
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. haraphaték haraphatál haraphata haraphatánk haraphatátok haraphatának
Def. haraphatám haraphatád haraphatá haraphatánk haraphatátok haraphaták
2nd-p. o. haraphatálak ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. haraphat vala, haraphatott vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. haraphatandok
or harapandhatok 		haraphatandasz
or harapandhatsz		 haraphatand
or harapandhat		 haraphatandunk
or harapandhatunk		 haraphatandotok
or harapandhattok		 haraphatandanak
or harapandhatnak
Def. haraphatandom
or harapandhatom		 haraphatandod
or harapandhatod		 haraphatandja
or harapandhatja		 haraphatandjuk
or harapandhatjuk 		haraphatandjátok
or harapandhatjátok		 haraphatandják
or harapandhatják
2nd-p. o. haraphatandalak
or harapandhatlak		 ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. haraphatnék haraphatnál haraphatna haraphatnánk haraphatnátok haraphatnának
Def. haraphatnám haraphatnád haraphatná haraphatnánk
(or haraphatnók)		 haraphatnátok haraphatnák
2nd-p. o. haraphatnálak ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. haraphatott volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. haraphassak haraphass or
haraphassál		 haraphasson haraphassunk haraphassatok haraphassanak
Def. haraphassam haraphasd or
haraphassad		 haraphassa haraphassuk haraphassátok haraphassák
2nd-p. o. haraphassalak ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. haraphatott légyen
Inf. (haraphatni) (haraphatnom) (haraphatnod) (haraphatnia) (haraphatnunk) (haraphatnotok) (haraphatniuk)
Positive adjective harapható Neg. adj. haraphatatlan Adv. part. (haraphatva / haraphatván)

Derived terms
Compound words
  • harapófogó

(With verbal prefixes):

  • átharap
  • beleharap
  • elharap
  • kettéharap
  • kiharap
  • leharap
  • megharap
  • összeharap
  • ráharap
  • szétharap
  • utánaharap
  • visszaharap
Expressions

References
  1. Entry #249 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
  2. harap in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading
  • harap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay harap, from Proto-Malayic *harəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀəp.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ha.rap/

Verb

harap

  1. to hope
  2. to wish

Derived terms
  • berharap
  • berharap-harap
  • berharapan
  • berharapkan
  • berpengharapan
  • harap-harap
  • harap-harapan
  • harapan
  • mengharap
  • mengharapkan
  • pengharapan
  • terharap-harap
  • harap siarkan

Further reading

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *harəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀəp.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /harap/
  • Rhymes: -arap, -rap, -ap

Verb

harap (Jawi spelling هارڤ)

  1. to hope

Synonyms

Derived terms

Polish

Alternative forms
  • herap (obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed from German herab.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈxa.rap/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -arap
  • Syllabification: ha‧rap

Noun

harap m inan (related adjective harapowy)

  1. (hunting) hunting crop
    Synonym: korbacz

Declension
Declension of harap
singular plural
nominative harap harapy
genitive harapa/harapu harapów
dative harapowi harapom
accusative harap harapy
instrumental harapem harapami
locative harapie harapach
vocative harapie harapy

Derived terms
noun
  • harapnik
verb
  • harapować impf
adjective
  • harapnikowy
noun
  • harapniczek

Further reading

Romanian

Noun

harap m (plural harapi)

  1. Alternative form of arap

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay hadap (“to face”) or Old Javanese harĕp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Yakan harap.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /haˈɾap/, [hɐˈɾap]
  • Rhymes: -ap
  • Hyphenation: ha‧rap

Noun

haráp (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜇᜉ᜔)

  1. front; forefront
    Synonym: unahan
  2. threshold
    Synonyms: bukana, bungad
  3. facade; front of a building
    Synonym: patsada
  4. presence; attendance
    Synonyms: dalo, pagdalo
  5. presenting of oneself to someone
    Synonyms: pakikipagkita, pagharap, pakikiharap
  6. submission for discussion or approval (of papers, reports, etc.)
  7. actual attendance; actual performance (of one's duty)
    Synonyms: pagtupad, pagsasakatuparan
  8. attention given (to a visitor or guest)
    Synonyms: asikaso, pag-aasikaso
  9. (euphemistic) genitals
    Synonyms: ari, pag-aari

Derived terms
  • haharapin
  • harap-harapan
  • harapan
  • harapin
  • hinaharap
  • humarap
  • iharap
  • kaharap
  • magharap
  • nakaharap
  • paghaharap
  • pagharap
  • pagharapin
  • paharapin
  • panghinaharap
  • sa hinaharap

Further reading
  • “harap”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
  • Blust, Robert, Trussel, Stephen (2010–) “*qadep”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خراب (harab), ultimately from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [hɑˈɾɑp]

Adjective

harap

  1. ruined
  2. devastated

Noun

harap (definite accusative harabı, plural haraplar)

  1. ruin
  2. desolation
  3. waste

Derived terms

References

Yakan

Verb

harap

  1. to face (someone, something, or both)

Derived terms
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