hál
Hungarian
Etymology
From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kalɜ- (“to spend a night”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈhaːl]
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -aːl
Conjugation
conjugation of hál
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hálok | hálsz | hál | hálunk | háltok | hálnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | háltam | háltál | hált | háltunk | háltatok | háltak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hálni fog. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hálék | hálál | hála | hálánk | hálátok | hálának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hál vala, hált vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | hálandok | hálandasz | háland | hálandunk | hálandotok | hálandanak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hálnék | hálnál | hálna | hálnánk | hálnátok | hálnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hált volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | háljak | hálj or háljál |
háljon | háljunk | háljatok | háljanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hált légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | hálni | hálnom | hálnod | hálnia | hálnunk | hálnotok | hálniuk | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
hálás | háló | hált | ― | hálva (hálván) | |||||
potential conjugation of hál
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hálhatok | hálhatsz | hálhat | hálhatunk | hálhattok | hálhatnak | |
Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indef. | hálhattam | hálhattál | hálhatott | hálhattunk | hálhattatok | hálhattak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hálhaték | hálhatál | hálhata | hálhatánk | hálhatátok | hálhatának | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hálhat vala, hálhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | hálhatandok or hálandhatok |
hálhatandasz or hálandhatsz |
hálhatand or hálandhat |
hálhatandunk or hálandhatunk |
hálhatandotok or hálandhattok |
hálhatandanak or hálandhatnak | ||
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hálhatnék | hálhatnál | hálhatna | hálhatnánk | hálhatnátok | hálhatnának | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hálhatott volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hálhassak | hálhass or hálhassál |
hálhasson | hálhassunk | hálhassatok | hálhassanak | |
Def. | ― | ||||||||
2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hálhatott légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (hálhatni) | (hálhatnom) | (hálhatnod) | (hálhatnia) | (hálhatnunk) | (hálhatnotok) | (hálhatniuk) | ||
Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hálhatva / hálhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
- elhál
- meghál
Expressions
- hálni jár belé a lélek
Notes:
References
- Entry #231 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
- hál in Gerstner, Károly (ed.). Új magyar etimológiai szótár. (’New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian’). Beta version. Budapest, MTA Nyelvtudományi Intézet / Magyar Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont, 2011–2022. (Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary). Language abbreviations
Further reading
- hál in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Irish
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