grian

See also: grían, grian-, griən, and gri͡an

Bavarian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old High German gruoni, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz. Cognate with German grün, Dutch groen, English green, Icelandic grænn.

Adjective

grian

  1. (Timau) green

References

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1
an ghrian

From Old Irish grían (“sun”),[3] from Proto-Celtic *grēnā.

Noun

grian f (genitive singular gréine, nominative plural grianta)

  1. (the) sun
  2. (figuratively) paragon
Declension
Declension of grian

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative grian grianta
Vocative a ghrian a ghrianta
Genitive gréine grianta
Dative grian
gréin (in certain phrases)		 grianta

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ghrian na grianta
Genitive na gréine na ngrianta
Dative leis an ngrian

don ghrian

 leis na grianta

Archaic weak plural forms:

Derived terms

Verb

grian (present analytic grianann, future analytic grianfaidh, verbal noun grianadh, past participle grianta) (transitive)

  1. to sun (expose to the warmth and radiation of the sun)
  2. (photography) to solarize (subject to solarization)
Conjugation
conjugation of grian (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present grianaim grianann tú;
grianair†		 grianann sé, sí grianaimid grianann sibh grianann siad;
grianaid†		 a ghrianann; a ghrianas /
a ngrianann*; a ngrianas*		 griantar
past ghrian mé; ghrianas ghrian tú; ghrianais ghrian sé, sí ghrianamar; ghrian muid ghrian sibh; ghrianabhair ghrian siad; ghrianadar a ghrian /
ar ghrian*		 grianadh
past habitual ghrianainn / ngrianainn‡‡ ghriantá / ngriantᇇ ghrianadh sé, sí / ngrianadh sé, s퇇 ghrianaimis; ghrianadh muid / ngrianaimis‡‡; ngrianadh muid‡‡ ghrianadh sibh / ngrianadh sibh‡‡ ghrianaidís; ghrianadh siad / ngrianaidís‡‡; ngrianadh siad‡‡ a ghrianadh /
a ngrianadh*		 ghriantaí / ngrianta퇇
future grianfaidh mé;
grianfad		 grianfaidh tú;
grianfair†		 grianfaidh sé, sí grianfaimid;
grianfaidh muid		 grianfaidh sibh grianfaidh siad;
grianfaid†		 a ghrianfaidh; a ghrianfas /
a ngrianfaidh*; a ngrianfas*		 grianfar
conditional ghrianfainn / ngrianfainn‡‡ ghrianfá / ngrianfᇇ ghrianfadh sé, sí / ngrianfadh sé, s퇇 ghrianfaimis; ghrianfadh muid / ngrianfaimis‡‡; ngrianfadh muid‡‡ ghrianfadh sibh / ngrianfadh sibh‡‡ ghrianfaidís; ghrianfadh siad / ngrianfaidís‡‡; ngrianfadh siad‡‡ a ghrianfadh /
a ngrianfadh*		 ghrianfaí / ngrianfa퇇
subjunctive present go ngriana mé;
go ngrianad†		 go ngriana tú;
go ngrianair†		 go ngriana sé, sí go ngrianaimid;
go ngriana muid		 go ngriana sibh go ngriana siad;
go ngrianaid†		 — go ngriantar
past dá ngrianainn dá ngriantá dá ngrianadh sé, sí dá ngrianaimis;
dá ngrianadh muid		 dá ngrianadh sibh dá ngrianaidís;
dá ngrianadh siad		 — dá ngriantaí
imperative grianaim grian grianadh sé, sí grianaimis grianaigí;
grianaidh†		 grianaidís — griantar
verbal noun grianadh
past participle grianta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Etymology 2

From Old Irish grïan.[4]

Noun

grian m (genitive singular griain)

  1. Alternative form of grean (“gravel, grit; coarse sand”)
  2. bottom (of sea, lake, river)
  3. earth, ground, land
  4. surface

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
grian ghrian ngrian
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 34
  2. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 100
  3. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  4. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “grian”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish grían (“sun”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *grēnā.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɡriːn/, [ɡriᵈn]

Noun

grian f (genitive singular greiney, plural grianyn)

  1. sun
    Plaasyn prinsoil glistral myr whilleen grian. ― Princely palaces shining like so many suns.
    Ta'n ghrian yial er chooilleen e jurnaa. ― The bright sun has finished her journey.
  2. sunlight
  3. sunshine

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation
Manx mutation
RadicalLenitionEclipsis
grianghrianngrian
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡʲrʲi.an/

Noun

grïan (gender unknown)

  1. gravel
  2. sand
  3. bottom (of river)
  4. floor (of sea)

Inflection

The declension of this term is known to be an o-stem, but the gender is unknown. Both possibilities are presented here.

Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative grïan — —
Vocative grïain — —
Accusative grïanN — —
Genitive grïainL — —
Dative grïunL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Neuter o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative grïanN — —
Vocative grïanN — —
Accusative grïanN — —
Genitive grïainL — —
Dative grïunL — —
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants
  • Irish: grean

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
grïan grïan
pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/		 ngrïan
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish grían (“sun”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *grēnā.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈcɾʲian/

Noun

grian f (genitive singular grèine, plural grianan)

  1. sun

Derived terms

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
grianghrian
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “grían”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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