gearr

See also: geàrr and gearr-

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Irish gerr.[1] The verb is from Middle Irish gerraid.[2]

Pronunciation

Adjective

gearr (genitive singular feminine giorra, plural gearra, comparative giorra)

  1. short
    Synonym: gairid
    Antonym: fada
  2. curt
  3. deficient, inadequate
  4. near, close

Declension
Declension of gearr
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative gearr ghearr gearra;
ghearra²
Vocative ghearr gearra
Genitive giorra gearra gearr
Dative gearr;
ghearr¹		 ghearr gearra;
ghearra²
Comparative níos giorra
Superlative is giorra

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

  • Alternative vocative/genitive singular masculine and archaic dative singular feminine: girr

Derived terms
  • gearr sa radharc (“short-sighted”)
  • gearr-
  • gearró (“recently”)
  • i bhfad agus i ngearr (“far and near”)
  • i ngearr aimsire (“in a short time”)

Verb

gearr (present analytic gearrann, future analytic gearrfaidh, verbal noun gearradh, past participle gearrtha)

  1. cut; shorten, reduce
    Ghearr mé mo lámh ar maidin.
    I cut my hand this morning.
  2. (card games) cut
  3. (dentistry, of teeth) cut (of child); grind
  4. make a cutting remark to someone; backbite; nag (of wounding speech)
  5. castrate
  6. levy, impose, allocate (from fund)

Conjugation
conjugation of gearr (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present gearraim gearrann tú;
gearrair†		 gearrann sé, sí gearraimid gearrann sibh gearrann siad;
gearraid†		 a ghearrann; a ghearras /
a ngearrann*; a ngearras*		 gearrtar
past ghearr mé; ghearras ghearr tú; ghearrais ghearr sé, sí ghearramar; ghearr muid ghearr sibh; ghearrabhair ghearr siad; ghearradar a ghearr /
ar ghearr*		 gearradh
past habitual ghearrainn / ngearrainn‡‡ ghearrtá / ngearrtᇇ ghearradh sé, sí / ngearradh sé, s퇇 ghearraimis; ghearradh muid / ngearraimis‡‡; ngearradh muid‡‡ ghearradh sibh / ngearradh sibh‡‡ ghearraidís; ghearradh siad / ngearraidís‡‡; ngearradh siad‡‡ a ghearradh /
a ngearradh*		 ghearrtaí / ngearrta퇇
future gearrfaidh mé;
gearrfad		 gearrfaidh tú;
gearrfair†		 gearrfaidh sé, sí gearrfaimid;
gearrfaidh muid		 gearrfaidh sibh gearrfaidh siad;
gearrfaid†		 a ghearrfaidh; a ghearrfas /
a ngearrfaidh*; a ngearrfas*		 gearrfar
conditional ghearrfainn / ngearrfainn‡‡ ghearrfá / ngearrfᇇ ghearrfadh sé, sí / ngearrfadh sé, s퇇 ghearrfaimis; ghearrfadh muid / ngearrfaimis‡‡; ngearrfadh muid‡‡ ghearrfadh sibh / ngearrfadh sibh‡‡ ghearrfaidís; ghearrfadh siad / ngearrfaidís‡‡; ngearrfadh siad‡‡ a ghearrfadh /
a ngearrfadh*		 ghearrfaí / ngearrfa퇇
subjunctive present go ngearra mé;
go ngearrad†		 go ngearra tú;
go ngearrair†		 go ngearra sé, sí go ngearraimid;
go ngearra muid		 go ngearra sibh go ngearra siad;
go ngearraid†		 — go ngearrtar
past dá ngearrainn dá ngearrtá dá ngearradh sé, sí dá ngearraimis;
dá ngearradh muid		 dá ngearradh sibh dá ngearraidís;
dá ngearradh siad		 — dá ngearrtaí
imperative gearraim gearr gearradh sé, sí gearraimis gearraigí;
gearraidh†		 gearraidís — gearrtar
verbal noun gearradh
past participle gearrtha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gearr ghearr ngearr
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gerr”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  2. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gerraid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 45, page 24
  4. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 275, page 97

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

gearr f (genitive singular gearra, plural gearran)

  1. Alternative form of geàrr

Verb

gearr (past ghearr, future gearraidh, verbal noun gearradh, past participle gearrta)

  1. Alternative form of geàrr

Adjective

gearr

  1. Alternative form of geàrr
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