gaudium

Latin

Alternative forms

gau (pre-Classical, poetic)
gaudius (post-classical)

Etymology

From gaudeō +‎ -ium.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡau̯.di.um/, [ˈɡäu̯d̪iʊ̃ˑ]

(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡau̯.di.um/, [ˈɡäːu̯d̪ium]

Noun

gaudium n (genitive gaudiī or gaudī); second declension

joy, delight
Synonyms: dēlicium, dēlectātiō, voluptās, laetitia, frūctus, alacritās

Antonyms: maeror, maestitia, aegritūdō, lūctus, trīstitia, trīstitūdō, tristitās, dēsīderium

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gaudium	gaudia
Genitive	gaudiī gaudī¹	gaudiōrum
Dative	gaudiō	gaudiīs
Accusative	gaudium	gaudia
Ablative	gaudiō	gaudiīs
Vocative	gaudium	gaudia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: goju
- Neapolitan: gautšə (Cerignola)
- Old Sicilian: gauju
  - Sicilian: gàuju (Calabria), javiu (Eastern Sicily)
Padanian:
- Old Ligurian: gozo, goyo (Genova)
- Old Lombard: gouço
- Old Piedmontese: goy, goz (Asti)
  - Piedmontese: gòi
- Romagnol: gogio
Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Bourguignon: zouaie
- Champenois: joë
- Franc-Comtois: djôe
- Franco-Provençal: dzeuya, jouè, joei
- Lorrain: žūy, žōy, djôye, džọ̄y, djoûe
- Norman: joué (St. Saire), jouaie (Jersey), goée (Les Andelys)
- Old French: joi, joie (see there for further descendants)
- Old Picard: goie
- Poitevin-Saintongeais: jeu (Poitou), jouée (Saintonge)
- Walloon: djôye
Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: goyo, goi
- Catalan: goig, goi (northwestern)
- Old Occitan: gaug, gauch
  - Gascon: gai, gòi
  - Languedocien: gaug
  - Limousin: jai
  - → Old Catalan: gaug, gauig[1]
Ibero-Romance
- Old Galician-Portuguese: goyo, goyvo, *gouço (Old Galician)
  - Portuguese: goivo
- Old Spanish: goço, gozo
  - Spanish: gozo
  - → Galician: gozo
  - → Portuguese: gozo
  - → Sardinian: gosu
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: gaju (Nuorese)
Ancient borrowings:
- → Albanian: gaz, gëzim
Learned borrowings:
- → English: gaudy
- → Friulian: gaudie
- → German: Gaudium
- → Italian: gaudio
- → Old French: gaudie (from Medieval Latin gaudia)
  - → Middle English: gaude, gauid
    - English: gaud
  - → Middle English: gaudi, gaudy, gaudee
    - English: gaudy
    - Yola: gaudés (plural)
- → Portuguese: gáudio

References

Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “gozo”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes III (G–Ma), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 185
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “gaudium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 80

“gaug” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

“gaudium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“gaudium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
gaudium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to weep for joy: gaudio lacrimare
- to give pleasure to some one: afficere aliquem gaudio, laetitia
- to be filled with delight: gaudio perfundi
- to add the crowning point to a person's joy: cumulum gaudii alicui afferre (vid. sect. V. 6) (Fam. 16. 21. 1)
- to utter cries of joy: gaudio, laetitia exsultare
- to be beside oneself with joy: gaudio, laetitia efferri
- to almost lose one's reason from excess of joy: nimio gaudio paene desipere

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[1] “gaug” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.