gairm

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”); see gair for more.

Pronunciation

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular as substantive gairme, genitive as verbal noun gairthe, nominative plural gairmeacha)

  1. verbal noun of gair
  2. call, summons
  3. calling, vocation
  4. acclaim

Declension

(as verbal noun):

Declension of gairm

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative gairm
Vocative a ghairm
Genitive gairthe
Dative gairm

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular
Nominative an ghairm
Genitive na gairthe
Dative leis an ngairm

don ghairm

(as substantive):

Declension of gairm

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative gairm gairmeacha
Vocative a ghairm a ghairmeacha
Genitive gairme gairmeacha
Dative gairm gairmeacha

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an ghairm na gairmeacha
Genitive na gairme na ngairmeacha
Dative leis an ngairm

don ghairm

 leis na gairmeacha

Derived terms
  • aisghairm
  • athghairm (“restoration; encore; replay; recall”)
  • comhairleoir gairme (“vocational counsellor”)
  • comhghairm (“convocation; to convene”)
  • cúirtghairm
  • cúlghairm (“revocation”)
  • cumann gairme (“professional association”)
  • forbairt ghairme (“career development”)
  • forghairm (“interpellation”)
  • gairm chun fianachta (“calling to witness”)
  • gairm chun urnaí (“call to prayer”)
  • gairm ghrianghraf (“photocall”)
  • gairm na múinteoireachta (“teaching profession”)
  • gairm scoile
  • gairmchomhairliú (“vocational counseling”)
  • gairmeach
  • gairmí
  • gairmiúil
  • gairmoideachas (“vocational education”)
  • gairmoiliúint (“vocational training”)
  • gairmscoil
  • gairmthreoir (“career guidance, vocational guidance”)
  • gairmuimhir
  • gradam gairme (“occupational prestige”)
  • oiliúint ghairme (“vocational training”)
  • pleanáil ghairme (“career planning”)
  • sluaghairm (“slogan”)
  • so-aistritheacht ghairme (“occupational mobility”)
  • sos gairme (“career break”)
  • toghairm (“summons”)

Verb

gairm (present analytic gairmeann, future analytic gairmfidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmthe)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of gair (“call; invoke; acclaim”)

Conjugation
conjugation of gairm (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present gairmim gairmeann tú;
gairmir†		 gairmeann sé, sí gairmimid gairmeann sibh gairmeann siad;
gairmid†		 a ghairmeann; a ghairmeas /
a ngairmeann*; a ngairmeas*		 gairmtear
past ghairm mé; ghairmeas ghairm tú; ghairmis ghairm sé, sí ghairmeamar; ghairm muid ghairm sibh; ghairmeabhair ghairm siad; ghairmeadar a ghairm /
ar ghairm*		 gairmeadh
past habitual ghairminn / ngairminn‡‡ ghairmteá / ngairmteᇇ ghairmeadh sé, sí / ngairmeadh sé, s퇇 ghairmimis; ghairmeadh muid / ngairmimis‡‡; ngairmeadh muid‡‡ ghairmeadh sibh / ngairmeadh sibh‡‡ ghairmidís; ghairmeadh siad / ngairmidís‡‡; ngairmeadh siad‡‡ a ghairmeadh /
a ngairmeadh*		 ghairmtí / ngairmt퇇
future gairmfidh mé;
gairmfead		 gairmfidh tú;
gairmfir†		 gairmfidh sé, sí gairmfimid;
gairmfidh muid		 gairmfidh sibh gairmfidh siad;
gairmfid†		 a ghairmfidh; a ghairmfeas /
a ngairmfidh*; a ngairmfeas*		 gairmfear
conditional ghairmfinn / ngairmfinn‡‡ ghairmfeá / ngairmfeᇇ ghairmfeadh sé, sí / ngairmfeadh sé, s퇇 ghairmfimis; ghairmfeadh muid / ngairmfimis‡‡; ngairmfeadh muid‡‡ ghairmfeadh sibh / ngairmfeadh sibh‡‡ ghairmfidís; ghairmfeadh siad / ngairmfidís‡‡; ngairmfeadh siad‡‡ a ghairmfeadh /
a ngairmfeadh*		 ghairmfí / ngairmf퇇
subjunctive present go ngairme mé;
go ngairmead†		 go ngairme tú;
go ngairmir†		 go ngairme sé, sí go ngairmimid;
go ngairme muid		 go ngairme sibh go ngairme siad;
go ngairmid†		 — go ngairmtear
past dá ngairminn dá ngairmteá dá ngairmeadh sé, sí dá ngairmimis;
dá ngairmeadh muid		 dá ngairmeadh sibh dá ngairmidís;
dá ngairmeadh siad		 — dá ngairmtí
imperative gairmim gairm gairmeadh sé, sí gairmimis gairmigí;
gairmidh†		 gairmidís — gairmtear
verbal noun gairm
past participle gairmthe

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
gairm ghairm ngairm
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 43

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish gairm, from Proto-Celtic *garsman, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵh₂r̥-smn̥, from *ǵeh₂r- (“to shout, cry”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈkɤɾʲəm/

Verb

gairm (past ghairm, future gairmidh, verbal noun gairm, past participle gairmte)

  1. call, cry
  2. crow (cock, etc.)
  3. declare (war, ceasefire, etc.)
  4. draft (into armed forces)

Noun

gairm f (genitive singular gairme, plural gairmean or gairmeannan)

  1. verbal noun of gairm
  2. cry, call
  3. crow (cock's)
  4. proclamation
    Synonym: glaodhadh

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
gairmghairm
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “gairm”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “gairm”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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