folc

See also: Folc and FoLC

Catalan

Alternative forms
  • folcat

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *folk (“people, tribe”), perhaps via a Vulgar Latin fulcus. Compare Old French foulc (Modern French foule).

Pronunciation

Noun

folc m (plural folcs)

  1. herd, flock
    Synonym: ramat

Further reading

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin fulgur.

Noun

folc m

  1. thunderbolt
    Synonyms: saete, sfulmin

Irish

Etymology 1

From Old Irish folc (“heavy rain, wet weather”).

Noun

folc f (genitive singular foilce, nominative plural folca)

  1. downpour, flood
Declension
Declension of folc

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative folc folca
Vocative a fholc a fholca
Genitive foilce folc
Dative folc folca

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an fholc na folca
Genitive na foilce na bhfolc
Dative leis an bhfolc

don fholc

 leis na folca
Derived terms
  • folcmhar (“pouring, torrential”, adjective)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish folcaid (“washes”). Cognate with Welsh golchi, Cornish golhi, Breton gwalc'hiñ.

Verb

folc (present analytic folcann, future analytic folcfaidh, verbal noun folcadh, past participle folctha)

  1. (transitive) bathe
  2. (transitive) wash
  3. (transitive) immerse, submerge, drench
Conjugation
conjugation of folc (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present folcaim folcann tú;
folcair†		 folcann sé, sí folcaimid folcann sibh folcann siad;
folcaid†		 a fholcann; a fholcas /
a bhfolcann*; a bhfolcas*		 folctar
past d'fholc mé; d'fholcas /
fholc mé‡; fholcas‡		 d'fholc tú; d'fholcais /
fholc tú; fholcais‡		 d'fholc sé, sí /
fholc sé, sí‡		 d'fholcamar; d'fholc muid /
fholcamar; fholc muid‡		 d'fholc sibh; d'fholcabhair /
fholc sibh;
fholcabhair‡		 d'fholc siad; d'fholcadar /
fholc siad; fholcadar‡		 a d'fholc /
ar fholc*		 folcadh
past habitual d'fholcainn /
fholcainn‡; bhfolcainn‡‡		 d'fholctá /
fholctá‡; bhfolctᇇ		 d'fholcadh sé, sí /
fholcadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcadh sé, s퇇		 d'fholcaimis; d'fholcadh muid /
fholcaimis; fholcadh muid‡; bhfolcaimis‡‡; bhfolcadh muid‡‡		 d'fholcadh sibh /
fholcadh sibh‡; bhfolcadh sibh‡‡		 d'fholcaidís; d'fholcadh siad /
fholcaidís; fholcadh siad‡; bhfolcaidís‡‡; bhfolcadh siad‡‡		 a d'fholcadh /
a bhfolcadh*		 d'fholctaí /
fholctaí‡; bhfolcta퇇
future folcfaidh mé;
folcfad		 folcfaidh tú;
folcfair†		 folcfaidh sé, sí folcfaimid;
folcfaidh muid		 folcfaidh sibh folcfaidh siad;
folcfaid†		 a fholcfaidh; a fholcfas /
a bhfolcfaidh*; a bhfolcfas*		 folcfar
conditional d'fholcfainn / fholcfainn‡; bhfolcfainn‡‡ d'fholcfá / fholcfá‡; bhfolcfᇇ d'fholcfadh sé, sí / fholcfadh sé, sí‡; bhfolcfadh sé, s퇇 d'fholcfaimis; d'fholcfadh muid / fholcfaimis‡; fholcfadh muid‡; bhfolcfaimis‡‡; bhfolcfadh muid‡‡ d'fholcfadh sibh / fholcfadh sibh‡; bhfolcfadh sibh‡‡ d'fholcfaidís; d'fholcfadh siad / fholcfaidís‡; fholcfadh siad‡; bhfolcfaidís‡‡; bhfolcfadh siad‡‡ a d'fholcfadh /
a bhfolcfadh*		 d'fholcfaí / fholcfaí‡; bhfolcfa퇇
subjunctive present go bhfolca mé;
go bhfolcad†		 go bhfolca tú;
go bhfolcair†		 go bhfolca sé, sí go bhfolcaimid;
go bhfolca muid		 go bhfolca sibh go bhfolca siad;
go bhfolcaid†		 — go bhfolctar
past dá bhfolcainn dá bhfolctá dá bhfolcadh sé, sí dá bhfolcaimis;
dá bhfolcadh muid		 dá bhfolcadh sibh dá bhfolcaidís;
dá bhfolcadh siad		 — dá bhfolctaí
imperative folcaim folc folcadh sé, sí folcaimis folcaigí;
folcaidh†		 folcaidís — folctar
verbal noun folcadh
past participle folctha

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms
  • folcadán (“bath”)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
folc fholc bhfolc
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “folc”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “folc” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “folc” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Middle English

Noun

folc

  1. (chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of folk

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.

Noun

folc n

  1. people, folk
  2. army, troop

Inflection
Declension of folc (neuter strong a-stem)
Singular Plural
nominative folc folc
accusative folc folc
genitive folcis, -es folco
dative folce, -i folcon

Descendants
  • Middle Dutch: volc
    • Dutch: volk
      • Afrikaans: volk
      • Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk
      • → Sranan Tongo: folku
    • Limburgish: vouk

Further reading
  • “folk”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *fulką (“people”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /folk/, [foɫk]

Noun

folc n

  1. the people, especially the common people
    Lēodhatan frēoġaþ hīe selfe, ac hīe ġeþēowiaþ þæt folc.
    Dictators free themselves, but they enslave the people.
  2. a people, nation, or tribe
    "Iūdēum þyncþ þæt hīe sīen Godes ġecorene folc." "Hwā ne dēþ?"
    "The Jews think they're God's chosen people." "Who doesn't?"
  3. crowd
  4. the public
    • late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
      Hīe sæġdon þām folce þæt heora godu him wǣren ierru, tō þȳ þæt hīe him þā ġīet swīðor blēoten þonne hīe ǣr dydon.
      They told the public that their gods were angry at them, so they would sacrifice to them even more than they had before.
  5. (in the singular or plural) people (multiple individuals)
  6. military, army; troop
  7. (in compounds) popular
  8. (in compounds) public, common
  9. (in compounds) country, rural

Declension
Declension of folc (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative folc folc
accusative folc folc
genitive folces folca
dative folce folcum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wolkos, from a devoiced variant of Proto-Indo-European *welg-.[1]

Noun

folc m

  1. wet weather, heavy rain

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative folc folcL foilcL
Vocative foilc folcL folcuH
Accusative folcN folcL folcuH
Genitive foilcL folc folcN
Dative folcL folcaib folcaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
folc ḟolc folc
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*wolko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 437

Further reading

Old Saxon

Noun

folc n

  1. Alternative spelling of folk
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