fiach

See also: fíach

Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈfʲiəx/[1]
  • (Ulster) IPA(key): /fʲia̯x/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish fïach,[2] from Proto-Celtic *wesākos.[3] Cognate with Welsh gwyach (“grebe”).

Noun

fiach m (genitive singular fiaigh or féich, nominative plural fiacha)

  1. raven
    Synonyms: Dónall dubh, fiach dubh
Declension
Declension of fiach

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative fiach fiacha
Vocative a fhiaigh a fhiacha
Genitive fiaigh fiach
Dative fiach fiacha

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an fiach na fiacha
Genitive an fhiaigh na bhfiach
Dative leis an bhfiach

don fhiach

 leis na fiacha
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Old Irish fíach (“debt”).[4]

Noun

fiach m (genitive singular féich, nominative plural fiacha)

  1. (usually in the plural) debt
    Synonym: fiachas
Declension
Declension of fiach

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative fiach fiacha
Vocative a fhéich a fhiacha
Genitive féich fiach
Dative fiach fiacha

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an fiach na fiacha
Genitive an fhéich na bhfiach
Dative leis an bhfiach

don fhiach

 leis na fiacha
Derived terms
  • bailiú fiach (“debt collection”)
  • comhdhlúthú fiach (“debt consolidation”)
  • d’fhiacha (“incumbent”)
  • fiach fadtéarmach (“long-term debt”)
  • fiach náisiúnta (“national debt”)
  • maoiniú fiach (“debt financing”)
  • státfhiach (“state debt”)

Etymology 3

From Old Irish fíadach.[5] By surface analysis, fia (“deer”) +‎ -ach. The verb is from the noun.

Alternative forms

Noun

fiach m (genitive singular fiaigh)

  1. verbal noun of fiach
  2. hunting
    Synonyms: sealgaireacht, seilg
  3. chasing
Declension
Declension of fiach

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative fiach
Vocative a fhiaigh
Genitive fiaigh
Dative fiach

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an fiach
Genitive an fhiaigh
Dative leis an bhfiach

don fhiach

Derived terms

Verb

fiach (present analytic fiachann, future analytic fiachfaidh, verbal noun fiach, past participle fiachta)

  1. to hunt, chase
Conjugation
conjugation of fiach (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present fiachaim fiachann tú;
fiachair†		 fiachann sé, sí fiachaimid fiachann sibh fiachann siad;
fiachaid†		 a fhiachann; a fhiachas /
a bhfiachann*; a bhfiachas*		 fiachtar
past d'fhiach mé; d'fhiachas /
fhiach mé‡; fhiachas‡		 d'fhiach tú; d'fhiachais /
fhiach tú; fhiachais‡		 d'fhiach sé, sí /
fhiach sé, sí‡		 d'fhiachamar; d'fhiach muid /
fhiachamar; fhiach muid‡		 d'fhiach sibh; d'fhiachabhair /
fhiach sibh;
fhiachabhair‡		 d'fhiach siad; d'fhiachadar /
fhiach siad; fhiachadar‡		 a d'fhiach /
ar fhiach*		 fiachadh
past habitual d'fhiachainn /
fhiachainn‡; bhfiachainn‡‡		 d'fhiachtá /
fhiachtá‡; bhfiachtᇇ		 d'fhiachadh sé, sí /
fhiachadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachadh sé, s퇇		 d'fhiachaimis; d'fhiachadh muid /
fhiachaimis; fhiachadh muid‡; bhfiachaimis‡‡; bhfiachadh muid‡‡		 d'fhiachadh sibh /
fhiachadh sibh‡; bhfiachadh sibh‡‡		 d'fhiachaidís; d'fhiachadh siad /
fhiachaidís; fhiachadh siad‡; bhfiachaidís‡‡; bhfiachadh siad‡‡		 a d'fhiachadh /
a bhfiachadh*		 d'fhiachtaí /
fhiachtaí‡; bhfiachta퇇
future fiachfaidh mé;
fiachfad		 fiachfaidh tú;
fiachfair†		 fiachfaidh sé, sí fiachfaimid;
fiachfaidh muid		 fiachfaidh sibh fiachfaidh siad;
fiachfaid†		 a fhiachfaidh; a fhiachfas /
a bhfiachfaidh*; a bhfiachfas*		 fiachfar
conditional d'fhiachfainn / fhiachfainn‡; bhfiachfainn‡‡ d'fhiachfá / fhiachfá‡; bhfiachfᇇ d'fhiachfadh sé, sí / fhiachfadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachfadh sé, s퇇 d'fhiachfaimis; d'fhiachfadh muid / fhiachfaimis‡; fhiachfadh muid‡; bhfiachfaimis‡‡; bhfiachfadh muid‡‡ d'fhiachfadh sibh / fhiachfadh sibh‡; bhfiachfadh sibh‡‡ d'fhiachfaidís; d'fhiachfadh siad / fhiachfaidís‡; fhiachfadh siad‡; bhfiachfaidís‡‡; bhfiachfadh siad‡‡ a d'fhiachfadh /
a bhfiachfadh*		 d'fhiachfaí / fhiachfaí‡; bhfiachfa퇇
subjunctive present go bhfiacha mé;
go bhfiachad†		 go bhfiacha tú;
go bhfiachair†		 go bhfiacha sé, sí go bhfiachaimid;
go bhfiacha muid		 go bhfiacha sibh go bhfiacha siad;
go bhfiachaid†		 — go bhfiachtar
past dá bhfiachainn dá bhfiachtá dá bhfiachadh sé, sí dá bhfiachaimis;
dá bhfiachadh muid		 dá bhfiachadh sibh dá bhfiachaidís;
dá bhfiachadh siad		 — dá bhfiachtaí
imperative fiachaim fiach fiachadh sé, sí fiachaimis fiachaigí;
fiachaidh†		 fiachaidís — fiachtar
verbal noun fiach
past participle fiachta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Verb

fiach (present analytic fiachann, future analytic fiachfaidh, verbal noun fiachaint, past participle fiachta)

  1. Alternative form of féach (“to look”)
Conjugation
conjugation of fiach (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present fiachaim fiachann tú;
fiachair†		 fiachann sé, sí fiachaimid fiachann sibh fiachann siad;
fiachaid†		 a fhiachann; a fhiachas /
a bhfiachann*; a bhfiachas*		 fiachtar
past d'fhiach mé; d'fhiachas /
fhiach mé‡; fhiachas‡		 d'fhiach tú; d'fhiachais /
fhiach tú; fhiachais‡		 d'fhiach sé, sí /
fhiach sé, sí‡		 d'fhiachamar; d'fhiach muid /
fhiachamar; fhiach muid‡		 d'fhiach sibh; d'fhiachabhair /
fhiach sibh;
fhiachabhair‡		 d'fhiach siad; d'fhiachadar /
fhiach siad; fhiachadar‡		 a d'fhiach /
ar fhiach*		 fiachadh
past habitual d'fhiachainn /
fhiachainn‡; bhfiachainn‡‡		 d'fhiachtá /
fhiachtá‡; bhfiachtᇇ		 d'fhiachadh sé, sí /
fhiachadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachadh sé, s퇇		 d'fhiachaimis; d'fhiachadh muid /
fhiachaimis; fhiachadh muid‡; bhfiachaimis‡‡; bhfiachadh muid‡‡		 d'fhiachadh sibh /
fhiachadh sibh‡; bhfiachadh sibh‡‡		 d'fhiachaidís; d'fhiachadh siad /
fhiachaidís; fhiachadh siad‡; bhfiachaidís‡‡; bhfiachadh siad‡‡		 a d'fhiachadh /
a bhfiachadh*		 d'fhiachtaí /
fhiachtaí‡; bhfiachta퇇
future fiachfaidh mé;
fiachfad		 fiachfaidh tú;
fiachfair†		 fiachfaidh sé, sí fiachfaimid;
fiachfaidh muid		 fiachfaidh sibh fiachfaidh siad;
fiachfaid†		 a fhiachfaidh; a fhiachfas /
a bhfiachfaidh*; a bhfiachfas*		 fiachfar
conditional d'fhiachfainn / fhiachfainn‡; bhfiachfainn‡‡ d'fhiachfá / fhiachfá‡; bhfiachfᇇ d'fhiachfadh sé, sí / fhiachfadh sé, sí‡; bhfiachfadh sé, s퇇 d'fhiachfaimis; d'fhiachfadh muid / fhiachfaimis‡; fhiachfadh muid‡; bhfiachfaimis‡‡; bhfiachfadh muid‡‡ d'fhiachfadh sibh / fhiachfadh sibh‡; bhfiachfadh sibh‡‡ d'fhiachfaidís; d'fhiachfadh siad / fhiachfaidís‡; fhiachfadh siad‡; bhfiachfaidís‡‡; bhfiachfadh siad‡‡ a d'fhiachfadh /
a bhfiachfadh*		 d'fhiachfaí / fhiachfaí‡; bhfiachfa퇇
subjunctive present go bhfiacha mé;
go bhfiachad†		 go bhfiacha tú;
go bhfiachair†		 go bhfiacha sé, sí go bhfiachaimid;
go bhfiacha muid		 go bhfiacha sibh go bhfiacha siad;
go bhfiachaid†		 — go bhfiachtar
past dá bhfiachainn dá bhfiachtá dá bhfiachadh sé, sí dá bhfiachaimis;
dá bhfiachadh muid		 dá bhfiachadh sibh dá bhfiachaidís;
dá bhfiachadh siad		 — dá bhfiachtaí
imperative fiachaim fiach fiachadh sé, sí fiachaimis fiachaigí;
fiachaidh†		 fiachaidís — fiachtar
verbal noun fiachaint
past participle fiachta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
fiach fhiach bhfiach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 110
  2. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fïach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  3. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN
  4. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 fíach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  5. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “fíadach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading
  • Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “fiach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
  • Entries containing “fiach” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
  • Entries containing “fiach” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wesākos.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈfʲi.əx/, [ˈfʲi.ax]

Noun

fïach m (nominative plural fïaich)

  1. raven
    Synonyms: bran, trogan

Inflection
Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative fïach fïachL fïaichL
Vocative fïaich fïachL fïachuH
Accusative fïachN fïachL fïachuH
Genitive fïaichL fïach fïachN
Dative fïuchL fïachaib fïachaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants
  • Irish: fiach
  • Manx: feeagh
  • Scottish Gaelic: fitheach

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
fïach ḟïach fïach
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish fíach (“debt”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /fia̯x/

Noun

fiach m (genitive singular fèich, plural fiachan)

  1. worth, value
    Synonym: luach
  2. debt
    Synonym: comain

Adjective

fiach

  1. worth, worthy, worthwhile
  2. valuable
    Synonyms: prìseil, luachmhor

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
fiachfhiach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 fíach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Further reading
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “fiach”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
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