etap

Kashubian

Etymology

Borrowed from Polish etap. Doublet of etapa, a form borrowed from German.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛtap/
  • Syllabification: e‧tap

Noun

etap m inan (related adjective etapòwi)

  1. stage (degree of advancement in a journey)
  2. stage (phase)

Further reading
  • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “etap”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French étape.[1][2][3][4] Sense 3 is a semantic loan from Russian эта́п (etáp). First attested in 1808.[5] Compare Silesian etapa.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛ.tap/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛtap
  • Syllabification: e‧tap

Noun

etap m inan (related adjective etapowy)

  1. stage (degree of advancement in a journey)
  2. stage (phase)
    Synonyms: faza, runda, stadium, tura
  3. (historical) étape (building where exiles to Siberia stopped while traveling)
  4. (archaic) stage (place of rest on a regularly travelled road)
  5. (obsolete, military) étape (place where troops on a march halt overnight for rest and resupply)
  6. (obsolete, military) étape (supplies issued to troops on the march)
    Synonym: prowiant

Declension
Declension of etap
singular plural
nominative etap etapy
genitive etapu etapów
dative etapowi etapom
accusative etap etapy
instrumental etapem etapami
locative etapie etapach
vocative etapie etapy

Derived terms
nouns
adverbs
  • etapowo

Descendants
  • → Kashubian: etap

Trivia

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), etap is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 19 times in scientific texts, 22 times in news, 11 times in essays, 6 times in fiction, and 0 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 58 times, making it the 1107th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[6]

References
  1. Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “etap”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  2. Mirosław Bańko, Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021) “etap”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
  3. Stanisław Dubisz, editor (2003), “etap”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volumes 1-4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN SA, →ISBN
  4. Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “etap”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
  5. Gazeta Warszawska (in Polish), number 13, 1808 February 13, page 197
  6. Ida Kurcz (1990) “etap”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎ (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 113

Further reading

Silesian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɛtap/
  • Rhymes: -ɛtap
  • Syllabification: e‧tap

Noun

etap m inan

  1. Alternative form of etapa.

Further reading
  • Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “etap”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 76

Turkish

Etymology

From French étape.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /e.tap/

Noun

etap (definite accusative etabı, plural etaplar)

  1. (sports) lap, tour
  2. stage

Declension
Inflection
Nominative etap
Definite accusative etabı
Singular Plural
Nominative etap etaplar
Definite accusative etabı etapları
Dative etaba etaplara
Locative etapta etaplarda
Ablative etaptan etaplardan
Genitive etabın etapların
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