estudier

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French estudier.

Verb

estudier

to study

Conjugation

Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.

Conjugation of estudier

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	estudier
present participle¹ or gerund²	simple	estudiant
present participle¹ or gerund²	compound	present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle		estudié
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		ie (i’)	tu	il, elle	nous	vous	ilz, elles
(simple tenses)	present	estudie	estudies	estudie	estudions	estudiez	estudient
	imperfect	estudiois, estudioys	estudiois, estudioys	estudioit, estudioyt	estudiions, estudiyons	estudiiez, estudiyez	estudioient, estudioyent
	past historic	estudia	estudias	estudia	estudiasmes	estudiastes	estudierent
	future	estudierai, estudieray	estudieras	estudiera	estudierons	estudierez	estudieront
	conditional	estudierois, estudieroys	estudierois, estudieroys	estudieroit, estudieroyt	estudierions, estudieryons	estudieriez, estudieryez	estudieroient, estudieroyent
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que ie (i’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	estudie	estudies	estudie	estudions	estudiez	estudient
(simple tenses)	imperfect	estudiasse	estudiasses	estudiast	estudiassions	estudiassiez	estudiassent
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	estudie	—	estudions	estudiez	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
² The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants

French: étudier
→ Irish: staidéar

Old French

Etymology

From estudie (“study”, noun) +‎ -er (verb-forming suffix). First attested in 1155.

Verb

estudier

to study

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

Conjugation of estudier (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)

		simple			compound
infinitive		estudier			avoir estudïé
gerund		en estudiant			gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle		estudiant
past participle		estudïé
person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	il	nos	vos	il
simple tenses	present	estudi	estudïes	estudïe	estudions	estudïez	estudïent
	imperfect	estudioie, estudïeie, estudioe, estudïeve	estudioies, estudïeies, estudioes, estudïeves	estudioit, estudïeit, estudiot, estudïeve	estudiiiens, estudiiens	estudiiiez, estudiiez	estudioient, estudïeient, estudioent, estudïevent
	preterite	estudiai	estudias	estudia	estudiames	estudiastes	estudïerent
	future	estudïerai	estudïeras	estudïera	estudïerons	estudïeroiz, estudïereiz, estudïerez	estudïeront
	conditional	estudïeroie, estudïereie	estudïeroies, estudïereies	estudïeroit, estudïereit	estudïeriiens, estudïeriens	estudïeriiez, estudïeriez	estudïeroient, estudïereient
compound tenses	present perfect	present tense of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
	past anterior	preterite tense of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future tense of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que jo	que tu	qu’il	que nos	que vos	qu’il
simple tenses	present	estudi	estudis	estudit	estudions	estudïez	estudïent
simple tenses	imperfect	estudiasse	estudiasses	estudiast	estudiissons, estudiissiens	estudiissoiz, estudiissez, estudiissiez	estudiassent
compound tenses	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
compound tenses	pluperfect	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nos	vos	–
imperative		—	estudïe	—	estudions	estudïez	—

Descendants

Middle French: estudier
- French: étudier
- → Irish: staidéar

References

Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “studium”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 12: Sk–š, page 312

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