escumer

Middle French

Verb

escumer

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    • a. 1580, Michel de Montaigne, Essais:
      Et les passent noz maistres en escumant, ou, ne les osant pas seulement taster, se jettent d'abordée dans la franchise de la coustume, où ils s'enflent et triomphent à bon compte.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of escumer
infinitive simple escumer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple escumant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle escumé
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present escume escumes escume escumons escumez escument
imperfect escumois, escumoys escumois, escumoys escumoit, escumoyt escumions, escumyons escumiez, escumyez escumoient, escumoyent
past historic escuma escumas escuma escumasmes escumastes escumerent
future escumerai, escumeray escumeras escumera escumerons escumerez escumeront
conditional escumerois, escumeroys escumerois, escumeroys escumeroit, escumeroyt escumerions, escumeryons escumeriez, escumeryez escumeroient, escumeroyent
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present escume escumes escume escumons escumez escument
imperfect escumasse escumasses escumast escumassions escumassiez escumassent
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — escume — escumons escumez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Descendants
  • French: écumer

Old French

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *skūmaz (“froth, foam”), from Proto-Indo-European *skew- (“to cover, conceal”).

Verb

escumer

  1. to dribble (allow saliva to leave the mouth)
    • c. 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
      Seles vuident, chevalier tument,
      Li cheval suent et escument.
      They emptied saddles, knights were falling
      The horses were sweating and dribbling

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ms, *-mt are modified to ns, nt. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of escumer (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive escumer avoir escumé
gerund en escumant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle escumant
past participle escumé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present escum escumes escume escumons escumez escument
imperfect escumoie, escumeie, escumoe, escumeve escumoies, escumeies, escumoes, escumeves escumoit, escumeit, escumot, escumeve escumiiens, escumiens escumiiez, escumiez escumoient, escumeient, escumoent, escumevent
preterite escumai escumas escuma escumames escumastes escumerent
future escumerai escumeras escumera escumerons escumeroiz, escumereiz, escumerez escumeront
conditional escumeroie, escumereie escumeroies, escumereies escumeroit, escumereit escumeriiens, escumeriens escumeriiez, escumeriez escumeroient, escumereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present escum escuns escunt escumons escumez escument
imperfect escumasse escumasses escumast escumissons, escumissiens escumissoiz, escumissez, escumissiez escumassent
compound
tenses		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— escume — escumons escumez —

Descendants
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