escarper

French

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɛs.kaʁ.pe/
  • Bourg-en-Bresse (France)(file)

Etymology 1

From escarpe +‎ -er.

Verb

escarper

  1. (reflexive) to steepen, to become steeper
  2. (reflexive, figuratively) to harden, to become more difficult
Conjugation
Conjugation of escarper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple escarper
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple escarpant
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle escarpé
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpes
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpons
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/		 escarpez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/		 escarpent
/ɛs.kaʁp/
imperfect escarpais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/		 escarpais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/		 escarpait
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/		 escarpions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/		 escarpiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pje/		 escarpaient
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/
past historic2 escarpai
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/		 escarpas
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa/		 escarpa
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa/		 escarpâmes
/ɛs.kaʁ.pam/		 escarpâtes
/ɛs.kaʁ.pat/		 escarpèrent
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛʁ/
future escarperai
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/		 escarperas
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/		 escarpera
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/		 escarperons
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/		 escarperez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/		 escarperont
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional escarperais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/		 escarperais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/		 escarperait
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/		 escarperions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/		 escarperiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁje/		 escarperaient
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpes
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/		 escarpiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pje/		 escarpent
/ɛs.kaʁp/
imperfect2 escarpasse
/ɛs.kaʁ.pas/		 escarpasses
/ɛs.kaʁ.pas/		 escarpât
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa/		 escarpassions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sjɔ̃/		 escarpassiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sje/		 escarpassent
/ɛs.kaʁ.pas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 — escarpons
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/		 escarpez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Franco-Provençal escarpi. Doublet of écharper.

Verb

escarper

  1. (slang) to escalate
Conjugation
Conjugation of escarper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple escarper
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple escarpant
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle escarpé
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpes
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpons
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/		 escarpez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/		 escarpent
/ɛs.kaʁp/
imperfect escarpais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/		 escarpais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/		 escarpait
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/		 escarpions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/		 escarpiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pje/		 escarpaient
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛ/
past historic2 escarpai
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/		 escarpas
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa/		 escarpa
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa/		 escarpâmes
/ɛs.kaʁ.pam/		 escarpâtes
/ɛs.kaʁ.pat/		 escarpèrent
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɛʁ/
future escarperai
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/		 escarperas
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/		 escarpera
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁa/		 escarperons
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/		 escarperez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁe/		 escarperont
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional escarperais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/		 escarperais
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/		 escarperait
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/		 escarperions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/		 escarperiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁje/		 escarperaient
/ɛs.kaʁ.pə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpes
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 escarpions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pjɔ̃/		 escarpiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pje/		 escarpent
/ɛs.kaʁp/
imperfect2 escarpasse
/ɛs.kaʁ.pas/		 escarpasses
/ɛs.kaʁ.pas/		 escarpât
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa/		 escarpassions
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sjɔ̃/		 escarpassiez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pa.sje/		 escarpassent
/ɛs.kaʁ.pas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — escarpe
/ɛs.kaʁp/		 — escarpons
/ɛs.kaʁ.pɔ̃/		 escarpez
/ɛs.kaʁ.pe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading
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