ernaid
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *ɸarnati, from Proto-Indo-European *perh₃-. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἔπορον (époron, “give, grant”), Sanskrit पृणाति (pṛṇā́ti, “grant, bestow”), Latin parō (“prepare”).
Several proposals have been made attempting to derive the perfect ro·ír from a reduplicated preterite *ɸeɸore. Many sound laws proposed to transform *ɸeɸore to ·ír run into a major counterexample in nïad (“of a nephew”, gen. sg. < *neɸotos, featuring the same *eɸo sequence). Nikolaev (2010) more convincingly reconstructs *ɸīrat (3sg.), derived from a Narten-ablaut imperfect.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈer͈n͈ɨðʲ]
Inflection
Simple, class B IV present, suffixless preterite, a future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·ernad | ||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·ír; ronn·ír (with infixed pronoun n-) | ro·ratha | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | ebarthi (with suffixed pronoun -i) | ebarthir | ||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | ||||||||
| Conj. | ·ere (attested as ro·ere, a ro-form) | ·ǽra (attested as ra·ǽra, a ro-form with infixed pronoun a-) | ·erthar (attested as ro·erthar, a ro-form) | ||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | ·ertha | ·erthe (attested as ro·erthe, a ro-form) | |||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | rath | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ernaid | unchanged | n-ernaid |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Nikolaev, Alexander (2010). "Old Irish ro-ír and other í-preterites." Paper presented at the 30th Harvard Celtic Colloquium on 8 October 2010.
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ernaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, page 463
- Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 513
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