enged

Hungarian

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from a Turkic language + -ed (frequentative-instantaneous suffix).[1] Róna-Tas proposes a borrowing from West Old Turkic *äŋ-, which would occur before Hungarians migrated to Carpathian basin in 10th century.[2] See Proto-Turkic *eg- for more.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ˈɛŋɡɛd]
  • Hyphenation: en‧ged
  • Rhymes: -ɛd

Verb

enged

  1. (intransitive) to give way, give in, yield, cede, succumb (to some force: -nak/-nek)
    Antonyms: ellenáll (“to withstand”), ragaszkodik (“to insist”)
  2. (intransitive) to concede, give ground, yield, retreat, relax, budge (in an argument; from one’s stance: -ból/-ből)
  3. (transitive) to allow, permit
    Synonyms: engedélyez, hagy
    Antonyms: tilt, megtilt
  4. (transitive) to run (to make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from an object)
    Synonyms: folyat, ereszt
  5. (transitive) to take a certain amount less, remit (reduce amount e.g. by giving discount; out of some price: -ból/-ből, with the amount of reduction in the accusative)
    Tíz százalékot tudok engedni az árból. ― I can reduce the price by ten percent or I can take ten percent less.
  6. (intransitive, e.g. of a knot or noose) to ease, slacken
    Synonyms: kilazul, meglazul
  7. (intransitive, chiefly of frost) break, ease, cease, subside, let up (to become less severe)
    Synonyms: enyhül, mérséklődik
  8. (intransitive, of color of a dye in washing) to bleed (to spread from the intended location and stain the surrounding cloth)
    Synonym: ereszt

Conjugation
conjugation of enged
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal


Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. engedek engedsz enged engedünk engedtek engednek
Def. engedem engeded engedi engedjük engeditek engedik
2nd-p. o. engedlek ―
Past Indef. engedtem engedtél engedett engedtünk engedtetek engedtek
Def. engedtem engedted engedte engedtük engedtétek engedték
2nd-p. o. engedtelek ―
Future Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. engedni fog.
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. engedék engedél engede engedénk engedétek engedének
Def. engedém engedéd engedé engedénk engedétek engedék
2nd-p. o. engedélek ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. enged vala, engedett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. engedendek engedendesz engedend engedendünk engedendetek engedendenek
Def. engedendem engedended engedendi engedendjük engedenditek engedendik
2nd-p. o. engedendelek ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. engednék engednél engedne engednénk engednétek engednének
Def. engedném engednéd engedné engednénk
(or engednők)		 engednétek engednék
2nd-p. o. engednélek ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. engedett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. engedjek engedj or
engedjél		 engedjen engedjünk engedjetek engedjenek
Def. engedjem engedd or
engedjed		 engedje engedjük engedjétek engedjék
2nd-p. o. engedjelek ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. engedett légyen
Infinitive engedni engednem engedned engednie engednünk engednetek engedniük
Other
forms		 Verbal noun Present part. Past part. Future part. Adverbial participle Causative
engedés engedő engedett engedendő engedve (engedvén)
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular
(and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).
potential conjugation of enged
Click for archaic forms 1st person sg 2nd person sg
informal		 3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		 1st person pl 2nd person pl
informal		 3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. engedhetek engedhetsz engedhet engedhetünk engedhettek engedhetnek
Def. engedhetem engedheted engedheti engedhetjük engedhetitek engedhetik
2nd-p. o. engedhetlek ―
Past Indef. engedhettem engedhettél engedhetett engedhettünk engedhettetek engedhettek
Def. engedhettem engedhetted engedhette engedhettük engedhettétek engedhették
2nd-p. o. engedhettelek ―
Archaic
Preterit		 Indef. engedheték engedhetél engedhete engedheténk engedhetétek engedhetének
Def. engedhetém engedhetéd engedheté engedheténk engedhetétek engedheték
2nd-p. o. engedhetélek ―
Archaic Past Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. engedhet vala, engedhetett vala/volt.
Archaic
Future		 Indef. engedhetendek
or engedandhatok 		engedhetendesz
or engedandhatsz		 engedhetend
or engedandhat		 engedhetendünk
or engedandhatunk		 engedhetendetek
or engedandhattok		 engedhetendenek
or engedandhatnak
Def. engedhetendem
or engedandhatom		 engedhetended
or engedandhatod		 engedhetendi
or engedandhatja		 engedhetendjük
or engedandhatjuk 		engedhetenditek
or engedandhatjátok		 engedhetendik
or engedandhatják
2nd-p. o. engedhetendelek
or engedandhatlak		 ―
Condi­tional
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. engedhetnék engedhetnél engedhetne engedhetnénk engedhetnétek engedhetnének
Def. engedhetném engedhetnéd engedhetné engedhetnénk
(or engedhetnők)		 engedhetnétek engedhetnék
2nd-p. o. engedhetnélek ―
Past Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. engedhetett volna
Sub­junc­tive
mood		 Pre­sent Indef. engedhessek engedhess or
engedhessél		 engedhessen engedhessünk engedhessetek engedhessenek
Def. engedhessem engedhesd or
engedhessed		 engedhesse engedhessük engedhessétek engedhessék
2nd-p. o. engedhesselek ―
(Archaic) Past Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. engedhetett légyen
Inf. (engedhetni) (engedhetnem) (engedhetned) (engedhetnie) (engedhetnünk) (engedhetnetek) (engedhetniük)
Positive adjective engedhető Neg. adj. engedhetetlen Adv. part. (engedhetve / engedhetvén)

Derived terms

(With verbal prefixes):

  • átenged
  • beenged
  • elenged
  • előreenged
  • felenged
  • hátraenged
  • hazaenged
  • ideenged
  • keresztülenged
  • kienged
  • leenged
  • megenged
  • odaenged
  • összeenged
  • ráenged
  • szétenged
  • továbbenged
  • visszaenged
Expressions
  • okos enged, szamár szenved

Descendants
  • Romanian: îngădui

References
  1. enged in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)
  2. Róna-Tas, András, Berta, Árpád, Károly, László (2011) “enged”, in West Old Turkic: Turkic Loanwords in Hungarian (Turcologica; 84), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 317-320

Further reading
  • enged in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • enged in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
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