enfoncer
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/
Audio (file)
Verb
enfoncer
- (transitive) to push in, to press in, to drive in
- (transitive) to break open, to break down
- 1846, Louis Reybaud, Jérôme Paturot:
- Ouvrez, ou j’enfonce la porte.
- Open up, or I'll break down the door.
- (transitive) to defeat, to thrash
- (intransitive) to sink down
- (reflexive, s'enfoncer) to bury oneself; to immerse oneself
- (reflexive, s'enfoncer) to go into the heart (of a region, country etc.)
- (reflexive, s'enfoncer) to give in; to yield (before power)
Conjugation
This verb is part of a group of -er verbs for which 'c' is softened to a 'ç' before the vowels 'a' and 'o'.
Conjugation of enfoncer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | enfoncer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | enfonçant /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | enfoncé /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enfonce /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
enfonces /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
enfonce /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
enfonçons /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɔ̃/ |
enfoncez /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/ |
enfoncent /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
| imperfect | enfonçais /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/ |
enfonçais /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/ |
enfonçait /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/ |
enfoncions /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
enfonciez /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sje/ |
enfonçaient /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | enfonçai /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/ |
enfonças /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/ |
enfonça /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/ |
enfonçâmes /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sam/ |
enfonçâtes /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sat/ |
enfoncèrent /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɛʁ/ | |
| future | enfoncerai /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁe/ |
enfonceras /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁa/ |
enfoncera /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁa/ |
enfoncerons /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/ |
enfoncerez /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁe/ |
enfonceront /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enfoncerais /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/ |
enfoncerais /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/ |
enfoncerait /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/ |
enfoncerions /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
enfonceriez /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sə.ʁje/ |
enfonceraient /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | enfonce /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
enfonces /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
enfonce /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
enfoncions /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sjɔ̃/ |
enfonciez /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sje/ |
enfoncent /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
| imperfect2 | enfonçasse /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/ |
enfonçasses /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/ |
enfonçât /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa/ |
enfonçassions /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/ |
enfonçassiez /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sa.sje/ |
enfonçassent /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | enfonce /ɑ̃.fɔ̃s/ |
— | enfonçons /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.sɔ̃/ |
enfoncez /ɑ̃.fɔ̃.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “enfoncer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.