dringo

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh dringo, borrowed from Old Irish dringid, from Proto-Celtic *dringeti. The form expected if the Welsh was a direct inheritance would be *dryngu.[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈdrɪŋɔ/

Verb

dringo (first-person singular present dringaf)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) to climb, to ascend, to scale

Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future dringaf dringi dring dringwn dringwch dringant dringir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional		 dringwn dringit dringai dringem dringech dringent dringid
preterite dringais dringaist dringodd dringasom dringasoch dringasant dringwyd
pluperfect dringaswn dringasit dringasai dringasem dringasech dringasent dringasid, dringesid
present subjunctive dringwyf dringych dringo dringom dringoch dringont dringer
imperative — dring dringed dringwn dringwch dringent dringer
verbal noun dringo
verbal adjectives dringedig
dringadwy
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms singular plural
first second third first second third
future dringa i, dringaf i dringi di dringith o/e/hi, dringiff e/hi dringwn ni dringwch chi dringan nhw
conditional dringwn i, dringswn i dringet ti, dringset ti dringai fo/fe/hi, dringsai fo/fe/hi dringen ni, dringsen ni dringech chi, dringsech chi dringen nhw, dringsen nhw
preterite dringais i, dringes i dringaist ti, dringest ti dringodd o/e/hi dringon ni dringoch chi dringon nhw
imperative — dringa — — dringwch —
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal aspirate
dringo ddringo nringo unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 286
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