cruthaigh
Irish
Alternative forms
- crothuigh, crothaigh, cruthuigh (obsolete)[1]
Etymology
From Old Irish cruthaigidir.[2] By surface analysis, cruth + -igh.
Verb
cruthaigh (present analytic cruthaíonn, future analytic cruthóidh, verbal noun cruthú, past participle cruthaithe)
Conjugation
conjugation of cruthaigh (second conjugation)
singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative | present | cruthaím | cruthaíonn tú; cruthaír† |
cruthaíonn sé, sí | cruthaímid; cruthaíonn muid |
cruthaíonn sibh | cruthaíonn siad; cruthaíd† |
a chruthaíonn; a chruthaíos / a gcruthaíonn*; a gcruthaíos* |
cruthaítear |
past | chruthaigh mé; chruthaíos | chruthaigh tú; chruthaís | chruthaigh sé, sí | chruthaíomar; chruthaigh muid | chruthaigh sibh; chruthaíobhair | chruthaigh siad; chruthaíodar | a chruthaigh / ar chruthaigh* |
cruthaíodh | |
past habitual | chruthaínn / gcruthaínn‡‡ | chruthaíteá / gcruthaíteᇇ | chruthaíodh sé, sí / gcruthaíodh sé, s퇇 | chruthaímis; chruthaíodh muid / gcruthaímis‡‡; gcruthaíodh muid‡‡ | chruthaíodh sibh / gcruthaíodh sibh‡‡ | chruthaídís; chruthaíodh siad / gcruthaídís‡‡; gcruthaíodh siad‡‡ | a chruthaíodh / a gcruthaíodh* |
chruthaítí / gcruthaít퇇 | |
future | cruthóidh mé; cruthód; cruthóchaidh mé† |
cruthóidh tú; cruthóir†; cruthóchaidh tú† |
cruthóidh sé, sí; cruthóchaidh sé, sí† |
cruthóimid; cruthóidh muid; cruthóchaimid†; cruthóchaidh muid† |
cruthóidh sibh; cruthóchaidh sibh† |
cruthóidh siad; cruthóid†; cruthóchaidh siad† |
a chruthóidh; a chruthós; a chruthóchaidh†; a chruthóchas† / a gcruthóidh*; a gcruthós*; a gcruthóchaidh*†; a gcruthóchas*† |
cruthófar; cruthóchar† | |
conditional | chruthóinn; chruthóchainn† / gcruthóinn‡‡; gcruthóchainn†‡‡ | chruthófá; chruthóchthᆠ/ gcruthófᇇ; gcruthóchthᆇ‡ | chruthódh sé, sí; chruthóchadh sé, sí† / gcruthódh sé, s퇇; gcruthóchadh sé, s톇‡ | chruthóimis; chruthódh muid; chruthóchaimis†; chruthóchadh muid† / gcruthóimis‡‡; gcruthódh muid‡‡; gcruthóchaimis†‡‡; gcruthóchadh muid†‡‡ | chruthódh sibh; chruthóchadh sibh† / gcruthódh sibh‡‡; gcruthóchadh sibh†‡‡ | chruthóidís; chruthódh siad; chruthóchadh siad† / gcruthóidís‡‡; gcruthódh siad‡‡; gcruthóchadh siad†‡‡ | a chruthódh; a chruthóchadh† / a gcruthódh*; a gcruthóchadh*† |
chruthófaí; chruthóchthaí† / gcruthófa퇇; gcruthóchtha톇‡ | |
subjunctive | present | go gcruthaí mé; go gcruthaíod† |
go gcruthaí tú; go gcruthaír† |
go gcruthaí sé, sí | go gcruthaímid; go gcruthaí muid |
go gcruthaí sibh | go gcruthaí siad; go gcruthaíd† |
— | go gcruthaítear |
past | dá gcruthaínn | dá gcruthaíteá | dá gcruthaíodh sé, sí | dá gcruthaímis; dá gcruthaíodh muid |
dá gcruthaíodh sibh | dá gcruthaídís; dá gcruthaíodh siad |
— | dá gcruthaítí | |
imperative | cruthaím | cruthaigh | cruthaíodh sé, sí | cruthaímis | cruthaígí; cruthaídh† |
cruthaídís | — | cruthaítear | |
verbal noun | cruthú | ||||||||
past participle | cruthaithe |
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Mutation
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cruthaigh | chruthaigh | gcruthaigh |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References
- “cruthaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “cruthaigidir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Further reading
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cruṫuiġim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 204
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruthaigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
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