crudus

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from *crūrus (with dissimilation), from Proto-Italic *krūros, from Proto-Indo-European *kruh₂rós, from *krewh₂- (“raw meat, fresh blood”). Cognate with English raw.

Pronunciation

Adjective

crūdus (feminine crūda, neuter crūdum, comparative crūdior, superlative crūdissimus); first/second-declension adjective

  1. raw, bloody, bleeding
  2. immature, unripe, premature
  3. unprepared, raw, uncooked
  4. (figuratively) crude, cruel, rough

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative crūdus crūda crūdum crūdī crūdae crūda
Genitive crūdī crūdae crūdī crūdōrum crūdārum crūdōrum
Dative crūdō crūdō crūdīs
Accusative crūdum crūdam crūdum crūdōs crūdās crūda
Ablative crūdō crūdā crūdō crūdīs
Vocative crūde crūda crūdum crūdī crūdae crūda

Descendants
  • Aromanian: crud
  • → Asturian: crudu
  • Catalan: cru
  • Dalmatian: croit
  • Franco-Provençal: cru
  • Friulian: crût, crûd
  • Italian: crudo
  • Ligurian: crûo
  • → Middle English: crude
    • English: crude (see there for further descendants)
  • Occitan: crus
  • Old French: cru
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: cruu
    • Galician: cru
    • Portuguese: cru (see there for further descendants)
  • Piedmontese: cru
  • Romanian: crud
  • Romansch: criv, criu, criev, crüj
  • Sardinian: cru, crudu, cruo, cruu
  • Sicilian: crudu
  • → Spanish: crudo
  • Venetian: cruo, cru, cruf

References
  • “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “crudus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • crudus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
  • crudus in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
  • Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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