croch

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Irish croch, from Latin crux (“cross”).

Noun

croch f (genitive singular croiche, nominative plural crocha)

  1. cross, gallows
  2. hook, hanger
  3. crane
  4. (figuratively) tall, stooped figure
Declension
Declension of croch

Second declension

Bare forms

Case Singular Plural
Nominative croch crocha
Vocative a chroch a chrocha
Genitive croiche croch
Dative croch
croich (archaic, dialectal)		 crocha

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an chroch na crocha
Genitive na croiche na gcroch
Dative leis an gcroch
leis an gcroich (archaic, dialectal)

don chroch
don chroich (archaic, dialectal)

 leis na crocha

Etymology 2

From Old Irish crochaid, from the noun croch (“cross”).

Verb

croch (present analytic crochann, future analytic crochfaidh, verbal noun crochadh, past participle crochta) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. hang
  2. raise up
  3. lift, carry
  4. (card games) throw down (one's hand)
  5. clear up, clear off
Conjugation
conjugation of croch (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present crochaim crochann tú;
crochair†		 crochann sé, sí crochaimid crochann sibh crochann siad;
crochaid†		 a chrochann; a chrochas /
a gcrochann*; a gcrochas*		 crochtar
past chroch mé; chrochas chroch tú; chrochais chroch sé, sí chrochamar; chroch muid chroch sibh; chrochabhair chroch siad; chrochadar a chroch /
ar chroch*		 crochadh
past habitual chrochainn / gcrochainn‡‡ chrochtá / gcrochtᇇ chrochadh sé, sí / gcrochadh sé, s퇇 chrochaimis; chrochadh muid / gcrochaimis‡‡; gcrochadh muid‡‡ chrochadh sibh / gcrochadh sibh‡‡ chrochaidís; chrochadh siad / gcrochaidís‡‡; gcrochadh siad‡‡ a chrochadh /
a gcrochadh*		 chrochtaí / gcrochta퇇
future crochfaidh mé;
crochfad		 crochfaidh tú;
crochfair†		 crochfaidh sé, sí crochfaimid;
crochfaidh muid		 crochfaidh sibh crochfaidh siad;
crochfaid†		 a chrochfaidh; a chrochfas /
a gcrochfaidh*; a gcrochfas*		 crochfar
conditional chrochfainn / gcrochfainn‡‡ chrochfá / gcrochfᇇ chrochfadh sé, sí / gcrochfadh sé, s퇇 chrochfaimis; chrochfadh muid / gcrochfaimis‡‡; gcrochfadh muid‡‡ chrochfadh sibh / gcrochfadh sibh‡‡ chrochfaidís; chrochfadh siad / gcrochfaidís‡‡; gcrochfadh siad‡‡ a chrochfadh /
a gcrochfadh*		 chrochfaí / gcrochfa퇇
subjunctive present go gcrocha mé;
go gcrochad†		 go gcrocha tú;
go gcrochair†		 go gcrocha sé, sí go gcrochaimid;
go gcrocha muid		 go gcrocha sibh go gcrocha siad;
go gcrochaid†		 — go gcrochtar
past dá gcrochainn dá gcrochtá dá gcrochadh sé, sí dá gcrochaimis;
dá gcrochadh muid		 dá gcrochadh sibh dá gcrochaidís;
dá gcrochadh siad		 — dá gcrochtaí
imperative crochaim croch crochadh sé, sí crochaimis crochaigí;
crochaidh†		 crochaidís — crochtar
verbal noun crochadh
past participle crochta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
croch chroch gcroch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

Middle English

Noun

croch

  1. Alternative form of crucche

Old Irish

Etymology

From Insular Proto-Celtic *krukā (compare Welsh crog), borrowed from the oblique stem of Latin crux. Doublet of cros, which was instead formed by attaching feminine ā-stem inflectional endings directly onto the nominative singular.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /krox/

Noun

croch f

  1. cross
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 20c21
      Is dó da·gníat: maith leu indocbál apstal doib et ní fodmat ingreimm ar chroich Críst.
      It is for this they do it: they like to have the glory of apostles, and they do not endure persecution for the cross of Christ.
  2. gallows

Inflection
Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative crochL croichL crochaH
Vocative crochL croichL crochaH
Accusative croichN croichL crochaH
Genitive croicheH crochL crochN
Dative croichL crochaib crochaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Irish: croch
  • Scottish Gaelic: croch

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
croch chroch croch
pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish crochaid, from the noun croch (“cross”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʰɾɔx/

Verb

croch (past chroch, future crochaidh, verbal noun crochadh, past participle crochte)

  1. hang, suspend
  2. depend

Usage notes

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
crochchroch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  • Edward Dwelly (1911) “croch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 crochaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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