caith

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish caithid, from Proto-Celtic *katyeti; compare Latin catēia (“projectile”), which is from Gaulish.

Pronunciation

Verb

caith (present analytic caitheann, future analytic caithfidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caite)

  1. to wear
  2. to consume
    1. to smoke (tobacco)
    2. to take (medicine)
  3. to spend
  4. to throw
  5. (modal) must, have to (in future and conditional)
    Caithfidh mé imeacht. ― I have to go.
    Chaith sí dhá stoca éagsúil. Ar ndóigh, chaithfeadh sé a bheith difriúil.
    She wore non-matching socks. Of course she had to be different.

Conjugation
conjugation of caith (first conjugation – A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present caithim caitheann tú;
caithir†		 caitheann sé, sí caithimid caitheann sibh caitheann siad;
caithid†		 a chaitheann; a chaitheas /
a gcaitheann*; a gcaitheas*		 caitear
past chaith mé; chaitheas chaith tú; chaithis chaith sé, sí chaitheamar; chaith muid chaith sibh; chaitheabhair chaith siad; chaitheadar a chaith /
ar chaith*		 caitheadh
past habitual chaithinn / gcaithinn‡‡ chaiteá / gcaiteᇇ chaitheadh sé, sí / gcaitheadh sé, s퇇 chaithimis; chaitheadh muid / gcaithimis‡‡; gcaitheadh muid‡‡ chaitheadh sibh / gcaitheadh sibh‡‡ chaithidís; chaitheadh siad / gcaithidís‡‡; gcaitheadh siad‡‡ a chaitheadh /
a gcaitheadh*		 chaití / gcait퇇
future caithfidh mé;
caithfead		 caithfidh tú;
caithfir†		 caithfidh sé, sí caithfimid;
caithfidh muid		 caithfidh sibh caithfidh siad;
caithfid†		 a chaithfidh; a chaithfeas /
a gcaithfidh*; a gcaithfeas*		 caithfear
conditional chaithfinn / gcaithfinn‡‡ chaithfeá / gcaithfeᇇ chaithfeadh sé, sí / gcaithfeadh sé, s퇇 chaithfimis; chaithfeadh muid / gcaithfimis‡‡; gcaithfeadh muid‡‡ chaithfeadh sibh / gcaithfeadh sibh‡‡ chaithfidís; chaithfeadh siad / gcaithfidís‡‡; gcaithfeadh siad‡‡ a chaithfeadh /
a gcaithfeadh*		 chaithfí / gcaithf퇇
subjunctive present go gcaithe mé;
go gcaithead†		 go gcaithe tú;
go gcaithir†		 go gcaithe sé, sí go gcaithimid;
go gcaithe muid		 go gcaithe sibh go gcaithe siad;
go gcaithid†		 — go gcaitear
past dá gcaithinn dá gcaiteá dá gcaitheadh sé, sí dá gcaithimis;
dá gcaitheadh muid		 dá gcaitheadh sibh dá gcaithidís;
dá gcaitheadh siad		 — dá gcaití
imperative caithim caith caitheadh sé, sí caithimis caithigí;
caithidh†		 caithidís — caitear
verbal noun caitheamh
past participle caite

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived terms

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
caith chaith gcaith
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 65

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish caithid, from Proto-Celtic *katyeti; compare Latin catēia (“projectile”), which is from Gaulish.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kʰɛh/

Verb

caith (past chaith, future caithidh, verbal noun caitheamh, past participle caithte)

  1. spend, pass (time)
  2. waste, squander
  3. wear (clothes)

Derived terms
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