breken

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch brēken, from Old Dutch *brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbreːkə(n)/
  • audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: bre‧ken
  • Rhymes: -eːkən

Verb

breken

  1. (ergative) to break

Inflection
Conjugation of breken (strong class 4)
infinitive breken
past singular brak
past participle gebroken
infinitive breken
gerund breken n
present tense past tense
1st person singular breekbrak
2nd person sing. (jij) breektbrak
2nd person sing. (u) breektbrak
2nd person sing. (gij) breektbraakt
3rd person singular breektbrak
plural brekenbraken
subjunctive sing.1 brekebrake
subjunctive plur.1 brekenbraken
imperative sing. breek
imperative plur.1 breekt
participles brekendgebroken
1) Archaic.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Afrikaans: breek
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: breke
  • Negerhollands: breek

Anagrams

Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Low German brēken, from Old Saxon brekan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-. Cognate to Plautdietsch bräken, Dutch breken, German brechen, West Frisian brekke, English break, Danish brække.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [breːkⁿŋ̩]

Verb

breken (third-person singular simple present brickt, past tense brook, past participle braken, auxiliary verb hebben)

  1. to break

Conjugation
Conjugation of breken (class 4 strong verb)
infinitive breken
indicative present preterite
1st person singular breek brook
2nd person singular bricks(t) brooks(t)
3rd person singular brick(t) brook
plural breekt, breeken broken
imperative present —
singular breek
plural breekt
participle present past
breken (e)braken, gebraken
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.

Verb

brēken

  1. to break, to break into pieces
  2. to break, to be broken
  3. to destroy
  4. to break in
  5. to end, to diminish, to weaken
  6. to break, to overcome resistance, to subdue

Inflection
Strong class 4
Infinitive brēken
3rd sg. past brac
3rd pl. past brâken
Past participle gebroken
Infinitive brēken
In genitive brēkens
In dative brēkene
Indicative Present Past
1st singular brēke brac
2nd singular brēecs, brēkes brâecs, brâkes
3rd singular brēect, brēket brac
1st plural brēken brâken
2nd plural brēect, brēket brâect, brâket
3rd plural brēken brâken
Subjunctive Present Past
1st singular brēke brâke
2nd singular brēecs, brēkes brâkes
3rd singular brēke brâke
1st plural brēken brâken
2nd plural brēect, brēket brâket
3rd plural brēken brâken
Imperative Present
Singular brec, brēec, brēke
Plural brēect, brēket
Present Past
Participle brēkende gebroken

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Dutch: breken
  • Limburgish: braeke

Further reading

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną. Doublet of brayen (“to break up”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbrɛːkən/

Verb

breken

  1. to break

Conjugation
Conjugation of breken (strong class 4)
infinitive (to) breken, breke
present tense past tense
1st-person singular breke brak, brek
2nd-person singular brekest breke, brake, brak, brek
3rd-person singular breketh brak, brek
subjunctive singular breke breke1, brake1
imperative singular —
plural2 breken, breke breken, breke, braken, brake
imperative plural breketh, breke —
participles brekynge, brekende broken, broke, ybroken, ybroke

1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Derived terms

Descendants

References
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