bocht

Dutch

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bɔxt/
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: bocht
  • Rhymes: -ɔxt

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch bocht, from Old Dutch *buht, from Proto-West Germanic *buhti, from Proto-Germanic *buhtiz. Related to buigen.

Noun

bocht f or m (plural bochten, diminutive bochtje n)

  1. a bend, curve, inflection, something not straight
  2. a twist, change
  3. a bight, broad curvature of a coastline, bay
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: boktu
  • → Papiamentu: bògt
  • → Sranan Tongo: boktu
    • → Aukan: bokutu
    • → Caribbean Javanese: boktu

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch bocht, becht, bacht (“garbage, dung, shit”), possibly from Proto-West Germanic *buggjan (“to buy”), though this is at odds with the last two forms.[1]

Noun

bocht m or n (uncountable)

  1. (now Belgium) junk, rubbish
  2. junk, booze, moonshine
  3. (Netherlands) disgusting drink, trash, rubbish
    Hij zei dat de bocht die hij ons gaf whiskey was, maar het smaakte er niet naar.
    He said that the foul drink he gave us was whiskey, but it didn't taste like it.

References
  1. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “bocht2”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish bocht (“poor”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

bocht (genitive singular masculine boicht, genitive singular feminine boichte, plural bochta, comparative boichte)

  1. poor (of circumstances, of quality, condition, expressing pity, sympathy, expressing dislike, contempt)
  2. stingy
  3. (nominalized, masculine) poor person

Declension
Declension of bocht
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative bocht bhocht bochta;
bhochta²
Vocative bhoicht bochta
Genitive boichte bochta bocht
Dative bocht;
bhocht¹		 bhocht;
bhoicht (archaic)		 bochta;
bhochta²
Comparative níos boichte
Superlative is boichte

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bocht bhocht mbocht
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931) Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, page 18
  2. Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47

Further reading

Old Irish

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /boxt/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *boxtos, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰogtós, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeg-.

Adjective

bocht

  1. poor
  2. (Christianity) of one who has taken a vow of poverty
Inflection
o/ā-stem
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative bocht bocht bocht
Vocative boicht*
bocht**
Accusative bocht boicht
Genitive boicht boichte boicht
Dative bocht boicht bocht
Plural Masculine Feminine/neuter
Nominative boicht bochta
Vocative bochtu
bochta†
Accusative bochtu
bochta†
Genitive bocht
Dative bochtaib
Notes *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative

**modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative
† not when substantivized

Descendants

Noun

bocht m or f

  1. poor person, pauper
  2. the poor (in a collective sense)
Inflection

As a masculine noun:

Masculine o-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bocht bochtL boichtL
Vocative boicht bochtL bochtuH
Accusative bochtN bochtL bochtuH
Genitive boichtL bocht bochtN
Dative bochtL bochtaib bochtaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

As a feminine noun:

Feminine ā-stem
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bochtL boichtL bochtaH
Vocative bochtL boichtL bochtaH
Accusative boichtN boichtL bochtaH
Genitive boichteH bochtL bochtN
Dative boichtL bochtaib bochtaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization
Descendants

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

·bocht

  1. passive singular preterite of boingid

Mutation
Old Irish mutation
RadicalLenitionNasalization
bocht bocht
pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/		 mbocht
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Scots

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [boxt]
  • (Central Scots) IPA(key): [bot], [boʔ]
  • (South Scots) IPA(key): [bʌu(x)t]

Verb

bocht

  1. simple past tense and past participle of buy
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