bever
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English biveren, beveren (“to tremble”), frequentative form of Old English beofian, bifian (“to tremble, be moved, shake, quake”), from Proto-Germanic *bibāną (“to quake, shiver”). Cognate with West Frisian bibberje (“to shiver”), Dutch bibberen (“to shiver, quiver”), Low German beveren (“to shiver”), German Low German bevern (“to tremble”), German bibbern (“to shiver”). related also to Dutch beven (“to quake”), German beben (“to quake, tremble”), Swedish bäva (“to quake, tremble”), Icelandic bifa (“to budge, be moved”), Latin foedus (“disgusting, shocking, abominable, heinous”).
Pronunciation
Verb
bever (third-person singular simple present bevers, present participle bevering, simple past and past participle bevered)
Derived terms
References
Pronunciation
- pronounced the same as bevor (i.e. IPA(key): /ˈbiːvə(ɹ)/)
Noun
bever (plural bevers)
- Alternative spelling of bevor
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene:
- And, passing forward with furious affret, / Pierst through his bever and quite into his brow.
- 1635, L. I. [pseudonym; John Lechmere], “The Third Argument was about the Killing Letter; out of Origen, […]”, in The Relection of a Conference Tovching the Reall Presence. Or A Bachelovrs Censvre of a Masters Apologie for Doctour Featlie, Douai: Lavrence Kellam, →OCLC, page 333:
- He who lookes you in the face, ſaith he ſees you, though the reſt of your bodie be within your cloathes, and if you, being an ὁωλομάχος a cataphract in your proteſtantiſh πανοπλία [panoplía, suit of armour] should for fear pull downe your beuer before you come into the liſt, your Aduerſarie for all that might light vpon your ( ) vnleſſe you bring with you Giges his ring, ſo to make your ſelf inuiſible; [...]
- 1786, Francis Grose, A Treatise on Ancient Armour and Weapons, page 8:
- Some close helmets have a farther improvement called a bever, the bever when closed covers the mouth and chin, and either lifts up by revolving on the same pivots as the visor, or lets down by means of two or more pivots on each side near the jaws, in which case the bever consists of several laminæ or plates, one shutting over the other.
Etymology 3
From Middle English bever, from Anglo-Norman bever (modern French boire), from Latin bibō.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbiːvə/[2]
Audio (Southern England) (file) - (General American) enPR: bēʹvər, IPA(key): /ˈbivɚ/
- Rhymes: -iːvə(ɹ)
- Homophones: beaver, Belvoir, bevor
Noun
bever (countable and uncountable, plural bevers)
- (obsolete) A drink.
- 1625, John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, “The Elder Brother. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- Bid my subsiser carry my hackney to the buttery, and give him his bever; it is a civil and sober beast, and will drink moderately.
- (now rare, archaic) A snack or light refreshment between meals.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 2, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:
- It seemeth that wee daily shorten the use of this, and that in our houses (as I have seene in mine infancie) breakfasts, nunchions, and beavers [translating collations] should be more frequent and often used than now adayes they are.
- 1604, Christopher Marlowe, Dr. Faustus:
- Thirty meals a day and ten bevers.
- 1980, Anthony Burgess, Earthly Powers:
- Very softly I boiled water, made a sandwich from the remains of the luncheon roast chicken, scalded the Twining creature. Then I softly carried my bever to the study on a tray […].
- (obsolete) A time for drinking.
- (obsolete) A mixture of cider and water.
Related terms
Verb
bever (third-person singular simple present bevers, present participle bevering, simple past and past participle bevered)
- (obsolete) To take a light repast between meals.
Pronunciation
- pronounced the same as beaver (“semiaquatic rodent”) (i.e. IPA(key): /ˈbiːvə(ɹ)/)
References
- Joseph Wright, editor (1898), “BEVER”, in The English Dialect Dictionary: […], volumes I (A–C), London: Henry Frowde, […], publisher to the English Dialect Society, […]; New York, N.Y.: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, →OCLC.
- Oxford English Dictionary, 1884–1928, and First Supplement, 1933.
Anagrams
Dutch

Etymology
From Middle Dutch bēver, from Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbeː.vər/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: be‧ver
- Rhymes: -eːvər
Noun
bever m (plural bevers, diminutive bevertje n)
- A beaver, rodent of the genus Castor.
- (particularly) The European beaver, Castor fiber.
Derived terms
- beverachtig
- beverbont
- beverboom
- beverburcht
- beverdam
- bevergeil
- beverhaar
- beverhoed
- beverhuid
- beverkever
- beverkolonie
- bevermuts
- beverpels
- beverrat
- beverskul
- beverstaart
- bevervacht
- bevervraat
- Canadese bever
Descendants
- Afrikaans: bewer
Anagrams
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbɛvɛr]
- Hyphenation: be‧ver
- Rhymes: -ɛr
Verb
bever
Conjugation
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | beverek | beversz | bever | beverünk | bevertek | bevernek | |
Def. | beverem | bevered | beveri | beverjük | beveritek | beverik | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | bevertem | bevertél | bevert | bevertünk | bevertetek | bevertek | ||
Def. | bevertem | beverted | beverte | bevertük | bevertétek | beverték | |||
2nd-p. o. | bevertelek | ― | |||||||
Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. be fog verni. | ||||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | beverék | beverél | bevere | beverénk | beverétek | beverének | ||
Def. | beverém | beveréd | beveré | beverénk | beverétek | beverék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. bever vala, bevert vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | beverendek | beverendesz | beverend | beverendünk | beverendetek | beverendenek | ||
Def. | beverendem | beverended | beverendi | beverendjük | beverenditek | beverendik | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverendelek | ― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | bevernék | bevernél | beverne | bevernénk | bevernétek | bevernének | |
Def. | beverném | bevernéd | beverné | bevernénk (or bevernők) |
bevernétek | bevernék | |||
2nd-p. o. | bevernélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. bevert volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | beverjek | beverj or beverjél |
beverjen | beverjünk | beverjetek | beverjenek | |
Def. | beverjem | beverd or beverjed |
beverje | beverjük | beverjétek | beverjék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverjelek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. bevert légyen | ||||||||
Infinitive | beverni | bevernem | beverned | bevernie | bevernünk | bevernetek | beverniük | ||
Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
beverés | beverő | bevert | beverendő | beverve (bevervén) | beveret | ||||
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs). | |||||||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem ver be or be is ver. |
Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | beverhetek | beverhetsz | beverhet | beverhetünk | beverhettek | beverhetnek | |
Def. | beverhetem | beverheted | beverheti | beverhetjük | beverhetitek | beverhetik | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetlek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indef. | beverhettem | beverhettél | beverhetett | beverhettünk | beverhettetek | beverhettek | ||
Def. | beverhettem | beverhetted | beverhette | beverhettük | beverhettétek | beverhették | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhettelek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | beverheték | beverhetél | beverhete | beverheténk | beverhetétek | beverhetének | ||
Def. | beverhetém | beverhetéd | beverheté | beverheténk | beverhetétek | beverheték | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetélek | ― | |||||||
Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. beverhet vala, beverhetett vala/volt. | ||||||||
Archaic Future |
Indef. | beverhetendek or beverandhatok |
beverhetendesz or beverandhatsz |
beverhetend or beverandhat |
beverhetendünk or beverandhatunk |
beverhetendetek or beverandhattok |
beverhetendenek or beverandhatnak | ||
Def. | beverhetendem or beverandhatom |
beverhetended or beverandhatod |
beverhetendi or beverandhatja |
beverhetendjük or beverandhatjuk |
beverhetenditek or beverandhatjátok |
beverhetendik or beverandhatják | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetendelek or beverandhatlak |
― | |||||||
Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | beverhetnék | beverhetnél | beverhetne | beverhetnénk | beverhetnétek | beverhetnének | |
Def. | beverhetném | beverhetnéd | beverhetné | beverhetnénk (or beverhetnők) |
beverhetnétek | beverhetnék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhetnélek | ― | |||||||
Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. beverhetett volna | ||||||||
Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | beverhessek | beverhess or beverhessél |
beverhessen | beverhessünk | beverhessetek | beverhessenek | |
Def. | beverhessem | beverhesd or beverhessed |
beverhesse | beverhessük | beverhessétek | beverhessék | |||
2nd-p. o. | beverhesselek | ― | |||||||
(Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. beverhetett légyen | ||||||||
Inf. | (beverhetni) | (beverhetnem) | (beverhetned) | (beverhetnie) | (beverhetnünk) | (beverhetnetek) | (beverhetniük) | ||
Positive adjective | beverhető | Neg. adj. | beverhetetlen | Adv. part. | (beverhetve / beverhetvén) | ||||
The prefix can split from the verb stem, e.g. nem verhet be or be is verhet. |
Derived terms
- beverés
Further reading
- bever in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- bever in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *bevar, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading
- “bever”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “bever”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old English befer, from Proto-West Germanic *bebru, from Proto-Germanic *bebruz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰébʰrus.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (Early ME) IPA(key): /ˈbøːvər/
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛːvər/
Noun
bever (plural bevers)
References
- “bēver, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-23.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbɛːvər/
Related terms
Descendants
- English: bever
References
- “bēver, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-04-23.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Middle Low German bever (compare with Dutch bever, German Biber and English beaver). The word replaced Old Norse bjórr (compare with Norwegian Nynorsk bjor).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Middle Low German bever (compare Dutch bever, German German Biber and English beaver). The word replaced Old Norse bjórr (compare Norwegian Nynorsk bjor).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbeːʋɛr/
Noun
bever m (definite singular beveren, indefinite plural beverar, definite plural beverane)
- beaver (aquatic mammal), a roden of the genus Castor, specifically the European beaver, Castor fiber
- Ein bever kan vege opptil 40 kg.
- A beaver can weigh up to 40 kg.
- a beaver's fur
- Kåpa er av bever.
- The coat is made of beaver fur.
- a 6- to 8-year-old member of the Scouts
Synonyms
Occitan
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Old French
Etymology 1
see beivre
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | bever | aveir beü | |||||
gerund | en bevant | gerund of aveir + past participle | |||||
present participle | bevant | ||||||
past participle | beü | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | bef | bes | bet | bevons | bevez | bevent |
imperfect | beveie | beveies | beveit | beviiens, beviens | beviiez, beviez | beveient | |
preterite | bevi | bevis | bevi | bevimes | bevistes | bevirent | |
future | bevrai | bevras | bevra | bevrons | bevreiz, bevrez | bevront | |
conditional | bevreie | bevreies | bevreit | bevriiens, bevriens | bevriiez, bevriez | bevreient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of aveir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of aveir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | beve | beves | beve | bevons | bevez | bevent |
imperfect | bevisse | bevisses | bevist | bevissons, bevissiens | bevisseiz, bevissez, bevissiez | bevissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of aveir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of aveir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | bef | — | bevons | bevez | — |
Old Galician-Portuguese
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /be.ˈβeɾ/
Conjugation
infinitive | simple | bever | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
gerund | simple | bevendo | |||||||
compound | gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past participle | singular | plural | |||||||
masculine | bevudo, bevido | bevuda, bevida | |||||||
feminine | bevudos, bevidos | bevudas, bevidas | |||||||
present participle | bevente | beventes | |||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
indicative mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | bevo | beves | beve | bevemos | bevedes | bevem3, beven4 | ||
imperfect | bevia | bevias | bevia | beviamos | beviades | beviam3, bevian4 | |||
preterite | bevi | beveste3, bevesche4 | beveu, beveo | bevemos | bevestes | beverom3, beveron4 | |||
pluperfect | bevera | beveras | bevera | beveramos | beverades | beveram3, beveran4 | |||
future | beverei | beverás | beverá | beveremos | beveredes | beverám3, beverán4 | |||
conditional | bevería | beverías | bevería | beveriamos | beveriades | beveríam3, beverían4 | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
present imperfect | imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
past anterior | preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
pluperfect | simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
subjunctive mood | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
simple tenses |
present | beva | bevas | beva | bevamos | bevades | bevam3, bevan4 | ||
preterite | bevesse | bevesses | bevesse | bevêssemos | bevêssedes | bevessem3, bevessen4 | |||
future | bever | beveres | bever | bevermos | beverdes | beverem3, beveren4 | |||
compound tenses |
present perfect | present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | |||||||
pluperfect | preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
future perfect | future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle | ||||||||
imperative mood | — | tu | vossa mercee | nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
— | |||
affirmative | — | beve, bevi | beva | bevamos | bevede | — | |||
negative | — | bevas | beva | bevamos | bevades | — | |||
personal infinitive | eu | tu | el~ele ela vossa mercee |
nos nos outros nos outras |
vos vos outros vos outras |
eles elas | |||
bever | beveres | bever | bevermos | beverdes | beverem3, beveren4 | ||||
1 Its alternative form aver can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver". 3 Less common in Galicia 4 Less common in Portugal |
Old Spanish
Verb
bever (first-person singular present bevo, first-person singular preterite beví, past participle bevido)
- to drink
- c. 1275, Alfonso X, General Estoria, primera parte, (published by Pedro Sánchez Prieto-Borja, 2002, Alcalá de Henares: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares):
- E respusol ella: - Beve, mio señor, cuanto quisieres. […] Pues que vós avedes bevido daré agora a vuestros camellos fasta que todos bevan cuanto quisieren
- And she replied to him, "Drink, milord, as much as you want." […] And so, since you have taken drink, I shall now give some to your camels, until all drink however much they want.
Descendants
- Spanish: beber
Romansch
Etymology
From Latin bibō, bibere.