arcela
Old Irish
Etymology
From ar- + ceilid (“to hide”). The verb became weak (and gained delenited ll in various prototonic forms) due to the influence of the unrelated verbs like do·airchella (“to encompass”) and do·ella (“to take away, steal”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /arˈkʲela/
Verb
ar·cela (verbal noun airchellad)
- to take away, steal
- Synonym: gataid
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 9c23
- .i. ar·celith ar chách et di·oiprid chách.
- You take away from everyone, and you defraud everyone.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 26b19
- .i. aras·celatais ar écin do fomair [fomair is an unintelligible hapax] doib inna bochtu ⁊ inna dommu.
- They used to seize them by force to [serve???] the poor and needy.
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 202b7
- .i. as mmé m'oínur arid·rochell, ar mad ego nammá as·berad, bes nobed nach aile leis oc in(n)d airchellad amal ṡodain.
- i.e. that it was me alone who took it away, since if only ego was said, perhaps there could have been another person with him at the taking-away in that case.
Inflection
Complex, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ar·celim | ara·chela (relative) | ar·celith | ara·chelat (relative) | ||||
| Prot. | ·ercheltar | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | aras·celatais (with infixed pronoun s-) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | arid·rochell (with infixed pronoun d-) | ar·roichled | ||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ara·chelfea (relative) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ara·chela (relative) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | airchellad | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
- Middle Irish: ar·cela
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ar·cela | ar·chela | ar·cela pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “arcela”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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