araf

Middle Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *aramo- (“quiet”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥h₃-mo-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₃- (“rest”). Cognate with Sanskrit ईरमा (īrmā́, “to keep still”), रात्री (rātrī, “night”), Ancient Greek ἐρωή (erōḗ, “rest”), German Ruhe (“rest”).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈarav/

Adjective

araf

  1. slow, leisurely

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Welsh: araf

Mutation
Middle Welsh mutation
RadicalSoftNasalH-prothesis
arafunchangedunchangedharaf
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every
possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References
  1. Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 44

Further reading
  • Matasović, Ranko (2009) “aramo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 39-40

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish اعراف (araf), from Arabic أَعْرَاف (ʔaʕrāf), plural of عُرْف (ʕurf, “crest, height”).

Noun

araf (definite accusative arafı, uncountable)

  1. (Islam) A'raf, a limbo realm between Heaven and Hell inhabited by those whose sins and virtues are evenly balanced.
  2. purgatory

Welsh
Bilingual road markings in Wales

Etymology

From Middle Welsh araf.

Pronunciation

Adjective

araf (feminine singular araf, plural araf, equative arafed, comparative arafach, superlative arafaf)

  1. slow
    Siaradwch yn araf os gwelwch yn dda.
    Speak slowly please.

Derived terms
  • arafaidd (“slow”, adjective)
  • arafu (“slow down”, verb)
  • arafwch m (“slowness”)

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
araf unchanged unchanged haraf
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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