arachrin
Old Irish
Etymology
Originally a euphemism or slang expression meaning “shake it”, from Proto-Celtic *ɸarekriniti (compare Welsh ergryn (“tremble, fear”)) with the infixed pronoun a- (“it”), from *ɸare- (“in front”) + *kriniti (“to shake, sift”), from Proto-Indo-European *krinéh₁ti (“to shake, sift”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreh₁(i̯)-. Cognate with Welsh crynu (“to shake, shiver”), Latin cernō (“to sift, separate”), and Ancient Greek κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “to separate”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [araˈxʲrʲinʲ]
Verb
ara·chrin (verbal noun irchre or erchrae)
- to perish
- to wear out (deteriorate or become unusable or ineffective due to continued use, exposure, or strain), to decay
- to fail (be wanting; fall short)
For quotations using this term, see Citations:arachrin.
Conjugation
Complex, class B V present, reduplicated preterite, i future, a subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ara·chrinim | ara·chrin; arind·chrin (relative) | ara·chrinat; arin·chrinat (relative) | |||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ara·ruichíuir | |||||||
| Prot. | ·arrchíuir | ·arrceoratar | |||||||
| Future | Deut. | ara·chíurat | |||||||
| Prot. | ·airchíuri | ||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ara·chíurad | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·archriat | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | arind·rochrietis (relative ro-form) | |||||||
| Prot. | ·archriad | ||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | irchre, erchrae | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Descendants
- ⇒ Middle Irish: airchranaid, airchraid, airchradaid
- Irish: orchraigh
References
- Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*kri-ni-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 420
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “arachrin”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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