am-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "am"

Choctaw

Alternative forms
  • ʋm (traditional)

Prefix

am- (after another prefix -sam-, before consonants a̱-, class III first-person singular)

  1. the indirect object of an active transitive verb
    to me, for me
  2. the subject of an intransitive affective verb
    I
  3. the direct object of a small set of transitive verbs mostly dealing with affect, communication and intimacy
    me
  4. indicates possession of a noun
    my

Inflection
Choctaw Person Markers
class I class II class III class N imperative
+s+C+V+C/i+a/o+C+V+C+V+C+V
first-person singular initial -li sa- si- a̱- am- ak- n/a
medial -sa--sam-
paucal ī- il- pi- pi̱- pim- kī- kil-
plural hapi- hapi̱- hapim-
second-person singular is- ish- chi- chi̱- chim- chik- ∅
plural has- hash- hachi- hachi̱- hachim- hachik- ho-oh-
third-person ∅ ∅ i̱- im- ik-

Classical Nahuatl

Alternative forms
  • an- (when followed by a consonant which is not labial)

Prefix

am-

  1. Subject prefix for verbs; it indicates that the subject is second-person plural; you, you all.

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *am-, allophonic variant of *an- before *b and *ɸ.

Pronunciation

With lenited m:

  • IPA(key): [aṽ]

With unlenited m:

  • IPA(key): [am]

Prefix

am-

  1. Alternative form of an- (“un-, not”)

Usage notes

The lenited form is used before r, l, and n as well as a few vowel-initial forms that started with *ɸ in Proto-Celtic. The unlenited form is used before b and p.[1]

Derived terms
Old Irish terms prefixed with am-

References
  1. Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 871, page 543

Welsh

Etymology

From am (“about”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /am/

Prefix

am-

  1. around, circum-
    ‎am- + ‎llen (“sheet”) → ‎amlen (“envelope”)
    ‎am- + ‎ysgrifio (“to write, to inscribe”) → ‎amsgrifio (“to circumscribe”)
    ‎am- + ‎cau (“to close”) → ‎amgáu (“to enclose”)

Derived terms
Welsh terms prefixed with am-

Mutation
Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
am- unchanged unchanged ham-
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “am-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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