-liangge

See also: liangge and liang-ge

Wutunhua

Etymology

From liangge (“two”): two together > together > with (in general). Calque of Bonan -ghwala, -ghala, from the numeral ghwar (“two”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [lʲɑ̃ŋkə]

Suffix

-liangge

  1. with (multiple meanings)
    1. with, together with; marks accompaniment.
      ngu ngu-de tixang-liangge qhi-zhe.
      I will go together with my younger brother.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 57)
      Synonym: -de yida
    2. with, by use of; marks instrument.
      gu agu shetek-liangge zhaze da-pe-lio ze-li.
      That girl broke the window with a rock.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 58)
    3. by, due to (used of inanimate forces)
      qho-ha qelok-liangge gang-gu-lio ze-li.
      The bridge was flushed away by the flood.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 58)
      nga zhenqak-liangge zhowa mi-li.
      Because I got a flu, I lost my appetite.
      (Quoted in Sandman, p. 58)

Derived terms
  • de-liangge
  • gu-liangge

References
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎, University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN
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