-과

See also: 과

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Korean 과〮 (Yale: -kwá), from Old Korean 果 (*-kwa).

Particle

과 • (-gwa)

  1. and
    Synonyms: (colloquial) 이랑 (-irang), (rather literary) 이며 (-imyeo)
    책과 연필 ― chaek-gwa yeonpil ― pencil and book
  2. with; together with
    Synonym: (colloquial) 이랑 (-irang)
    가족과 같이 가세요? ― gajok-gwa gachi gase-yo? ― Are [you] going with [your] family?
    미군은 아프간에서 탈레반과 싸웠다.
    Migun-eun Apeugan-eseo Talleban-'gwa ssawotda.
    U.S. forces fought with the Taliban in Afghanistan.
  3. as, from; used in comparisons
    Synonym: (colloquial) 이랑 (-irang)
    나는 너와 다르다. ― Na-neun neo-wa dareuda. ― I am different from you.
    그의 성격은 불과 같다.
    Geu-ui seonggyeog-eun bul-gwa gatda.
    His personality is similar to fire.

Alternative forms
  • 과 (-gwa) – after consonants
  • 와 (-wa) – after vowels
  • 가 (-ga) – Yukjin dialect, after both vowels and consonants
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