-е
Belarusian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje. Compare Polish -ie, -e, Russian -ье (-ʹje), -ие (-ije), -ьё (-ʹjó), Ukrainian -я (-ja), -а (-a).
Pronunciation
Suffix
-е • (-je)
- Abstract noun suffix; forms part of larger suffixes such as -э́нне (-énnje) or -а́нне (-ánnje), and exists on its own especially as a suffix added to compound words.
- без- (bjez-, “without”) + люд (ljud, “people”) + -е (-je) → бязлю́ддзе (bjazljúddzje, “absence of people”)
- но́вы (nóvy, “new”) + -а- (-a-) + сялі́ць (sjalícʹ, “to settle”) + -е (-je) → навасе́лле (navasjéllje, “housewarming”)
- над- (nad-, “above”) + хма́ра (xmára, “cloud”) + -е (-je) → надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje, “area above the clouds; (poetic) skies, heavens”)
- па- (pa-, “across, along”) + грані́ца (hraníca, “border”) + -е (-je) → паграні́чча (pahraníčča, “region along the border”)
- за- (za-) + ці́хі (cíxi, “quiet, still”) + -е (-je) → заці́шша (zacíšša, “lull, calm”)
- без- (bjez-, “without”) + даро́га (daróha, “path”) + -е (-je) → бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža, “impassibility”)
- Suffix used to create names of locations in conjunction with prefixes.
- за- (za-) + Каўка́з (Kaŭkáz, “Caucasus”) + -е (-je) → Закаўка́ззе (Zakaŭkázzje, “Transcaucasia”)
- пры- (pry-) + Днестр (Dnjestr, “Dniester”) + -о́вы (-óvy) + -е (-je) → Прыднястро́ўе (Prydnjastróŭje, “Transnistria”)
Usage notes
- When appended onto a stem ending in a velar consonant, the Slavic first palatalization applies, upon which the suffix becomes -а (-a), as in бездаро́жжа (bjezdaróžža).
- Otherwise, when appended onto a stem ending in a single palatalizable consonant, that consonant is usually geminated and reflected as such in spelling. The exception is в which becomes ў, e.g. пры- (pry-) + сло́ва (slóva) + -е (-je) → прысло́ўе (pryslóŭje) rather than *прысло́вве (*pryslóvvje).
- When appended onto a stem ending in р, the suffix generally becomes -'е (-ʺje), as in надхма́р'е (nadxmárʺje), although -а (-a) is also possible; see паве́тра (pavjétra).
- Syllable stress is usually drawn onto the syllable before the suffix.
Derived terms
Belarusian terms suffixed with -е
Chuvash
Macedonian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɛ]
Suffix
-е • (-e) n
- Appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually to form a diminutive or as an expression of endearment.
Derived terms
Macedonian terms suffixed with -е
Mongolian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjɵ/
- Syllabification: е (1 syllable)
Russian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ʲe]
Suffix
-е • (-e)
- Alternative form of -о (-o): Suffix added to adjectives to produce adverbs; highly productive; used in place of -о (-o) after palatal consonants, hushing consonants (ч ш щ ж) and ц
- злове́щий (zlovéščij, “ominous”) + -е (-e) → злове́ще (zlovéšče, “ominously”)
- неуклю́жий (neukljúžij, “clumsy, awkward”) + -е (-e) → неуклю́же (neukljúže, “clumsily, awkwardly”)
- изли́шний (izlíšnij, “excessive”) + -е (-e) → изли́шне (izlíšne, “excessively”)
- кра́йний (krájnij, “extreme, utmost”) + -е (-e) → кра́йне (krájne, “extremely, very, too”)
- вне́шний (vnéšnij, “outward, outer”) + -е (-e) → вне́шне (vnéšne, “outwardly, externally, outside, outdoors”)
- дю́жий (djúžij, “hefty; very strong (low colloquial)”) + -е (-e) → дю́же (djúže, “very (colloquial, dialectal)”)
Usage notes
Derived terms
Russian terms suffixed with -е
Suffix
-е • (-e)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ę.
Suffix
-е (Latin spelling -e)
- Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.
Declension
Nouns denoting inanimate objects
Suffix
-е (Latin spelling -e)
Etymology 3
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-e, from Proto-Indo-European *-e, not a desinence per se but a thematic vowel in e-grade.
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