稿

See also: 稾

稿	U+7A3F, 稿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A3F

← 稾
[U+7A3E]

CJK Unified Ideographs

穀 →
[U+7A40]

Translingual

Han character

稿 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+10, 15 strokes, cangjie input 竹木卜口月 (HDYRB), four-corner 2092₇, composition ⿰禾高)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 858, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25220

Dae Jaweon: page 1283, character 12

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2625, character 6

Unihan data for U+7A3F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		稿
alternative forms		稾藁藳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 稿
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
高	*kaːw
膏	kaːw, kaːws
篙	*kaːw
稿	*kaːwʔ
稾	kaːwʔ, kʰaːws
槁	kaːwʔ, kʰaːwʔ
縞	kaːwʔ, kaːws
暠	*kaːwʔ
槀	*kaːwʔ
藁	*kaːwʔ
燺	*kʰaːwʔ
薧	kʰaːwʔ, kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒	*kʰaːws
蒿	*qʰaːw
藃	qʰaːws, qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪	*ɡaːw
毫	*ɡaːw
壕	*ɡaːw
濠	*ɡaːw
鎬	*ɡaːwʔ
滈	ɡaːwʔ, qʰraːwɢ
鄗	ɡaːwʔ, kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝	ɡaːwʔ, qʰaːwɢ
薃	*ɡaːwʔ
搞	*kruːʔ
敲	kʰraːw, kʰraːws
髇	*qʰraːw
嗃	qʰraːw, qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐	*kʰl'awʔ
歊	qʰraw, qʰoːwɢ
謞	qʰaːwɢ, qʰraːwɢ
熇	qʰaːwɢ, qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻	*kʰraːwɢ
塙	*kʰraːwɢ
毃	*kʰraːwɢ
翯	qʰraːwɢ, ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥	*qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːwʔ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǎo (gao³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄠˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gou²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kó
Eastern Min (BUC): gō̤
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kó / kó͘
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵kau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎo
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎo
  - Wade–Giles: kao³
  - Yale: gǎu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gao
  - Palladius: гао (gao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎor
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄠˇㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎor
  - Wade–Giles: kao³-ʼrh
  - Yale: gǎur
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaol
  - Palladius: гаор (gaor)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴/

Note: erhua only applies to 'draft, sketch' and 'manuscript' meanings.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gou²
  - Yale: góu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gou²
  - Guangdong Romanization: gou²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kou̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kó
  - Hakka Romanization System: go`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: go³
  - Sinological IPA: /ko³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gō̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ko³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó
  - Tâi-lô: kó
  - Phofsit Daibuun: koir
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /ko⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɤ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ko⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kó͘
  - Tâi-lô: kóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kor
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁵⁵⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵kau
  - MiniDict: kau^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²kau
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kɔ³⁴/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[k]ˤawʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kaːwʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	稿
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǎo
Middle Chinese	‹ kaw^X ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[k]ˁawʔ/
English	straw
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	稿
Reading #	1/1
No.	3729
Phonetic component	高
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	暠
Old Chinese	/*kaːwʔ/
Notes	說文稾今字

Definitions

稿

(literary) stalk of grain; straw
稿薦／稿荐 ― gǎojiàn ― straw mattress; pallet
(literary, or in compounds) draft; sketch
(literary, or in compounds) manuscript
稿件 ― gǎojiàn ― rough draft; manuscript
(literary, or in compounds) looks; appearance (of a person)

Synonyms

(stalk of grain): 莖／茎 (jīng)
(draft):

初稿 (chūgǎo)
底子 (dǐzi)
文稿 (wéngǎo)
稿子 (gǎozi)
草底 (cǎodǐ) (colloquial)
草稿 (cǎogǎo)

(manuscript):

文稿 (wéngǎo)
書稿／书稿 (shūgǎo) (literary, literary manuscript)
稿件 (gǎojiàn)
稿子 (gǎozi)

(looks):

人才 (réncái)
儀容／仪容 (yíróng) (of a person)
儀表／仪表 (yíbiǎo) (of a person)
外形 (wàixíng)
外相 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
外範／外范 (Xiamen Hokkien)
外表 (wàibiǎo)
外觀／外观 (wàiguān)
外貌 (wàimào)
容貌 (róngmào, “facial features”)
容顏／容颜 (róngyán, “facial features”)
尊容 (zūnróng) (ironic or honorific, of a person)
尪仔頭／尪仔头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
形容 (xíngróng, “facial appearance”) (literary)
形貌 (xíngmào)
樣子／样子 (yàngzi)
模樣／模样 (of a person)
樣貌／样貌 (yàngmào)
相貌 (xiàngmào) (of a person)
瞻視／瞻视 (zhānshì) (literary)
觀瞻／观瞻 (guānzhān)
貌相 (màoxiàng) (of a person)
賣相／卖相 (màixiàng) (originally Wu)
長相／长相 (zhǎngxiàng) (of a person)
面容 (miànróng, “facial features”)
面容仔 (“facial features”) (Hakka)
面水 (Hokkien)
面貌 (miànmào)
顏容／颜容 (yánróng, “facial features”)
體面／体面 (tǐmiàn)

Compounds

主稿
乾稿／干稿
來稿／来稿
初稿 (chūgǎo)
創稿／创稿
劍南詩稿／剑南诗稿
原稿 (yuángǎo)
存稿
孫晨稿席／孙晨稿席
完稿 (wángǎo)
定稿 (dìnggǎo)
審稿／审稿 (shěngǎo)
寫稿／写稿
屬草稿／属草稿
底稿 (dǐgǎo)
徵稿／征稿 (zhēnggǎo)
截稿 (jiégǎo)
手稿 (shǒugǎo)
打底稿
打稿
打腹稿
投稿 (tóugǎo)
拒稿 (jùgǎo)
撰稿 (zhuàngǎo)
撤稿 (chègǎo)
撰稿人
擬稿／拟稿 (nǐgǎo)
改稿
文稿 (wéngǎo)
會稿／会稿
有底稿
校稿
清史稿
清稿 (qīnggǎo)
清稿本
特稿 (tègǎo)
畫稿／画稿
發稿／发稿 (fāgǎo)
稿人
稿件 (gǎojiàn)
稿兒／稿儿
稿子 (gǎozi)
稿底
稿本 (gǎoběn)
稿案
稿源
稿砧
稿約／稿约
稿紙／稿纸 (gǎozhǐ)
稿葬
稿薦／稿荐 (gǎojiàn)
稿費／稿费 (gǎofèi)
稿酬 (gǎochóu)
縛稿為人／缚稿为人
脫稿／脱稿 (tuōgǎo)
腹稿
芻稿／刍稿
草稿 (cǎogǎo)
講稿／讲稿 (jiǎnggǎo)
起稿
轉載稿／转载稿
辦稿／办稿
退稿 (tuìgǎo)
遺稿／遗稿
邀稿
默稿

Japanese

Kanji

稿

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

manuscript, version, draft

Readings

Go-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: わら (wara, 稿)

Verb

稿(こう)する • (kō suru) suru (stem 稿(こう)し (kō shi), past 稿(こう)した (kō shita))

to write (a manuscript/rough copy)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "稿する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	稿し	こうし	kō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	稿し	こうし	kō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	稿する	こうする	kō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	稿する	こうする	kō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	稿すれ	こうすれ	kō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	稿せよ¹ 稿しろ²	こうせよ¹ こうしろ²	kō seyo¹ kō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	稿される	こうされる	kō sareru
Causative	稿させる稿さす	こうさせるこうさす	kō saseru kō sasu
Potential	稿できる	こうできる	kō dekiru
Volitional	稿しよう	こうしよう	kō shiyō
Negative	稿しない	こうしない	kō shinai
Negative continuative	稿せず	こうせず	kō sezu
Formal	稿します	こうします	kō shimasu
Perfective	稿した	こうした	kō shita
Conjunctive	稿して	こうして	kō shite
Hypothetical conditional	稿すれば	こうすれば	kō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja

稿 (eumhun 볏집 고 (byeotjip go))

Hanja form^? of 고 (“draft, manuscript”).

Vietnamese

Han character

稿: Hán Nôm readings: cảo, khao

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