礎

See also: 础

礎	U+790E, 礎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-790E

← 礍
[U+790D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

礏 →
[U+790F]

Translingual

Stroke order
Traditional Chinese and Japanese

Han character

礎 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一口木木人 (MRDDO), four-corner 1468₁, composition ⿰石楚)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 837, character 29

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24522

Dae Jaweon: page 1254, character 26

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2458, character 13

Unihan data for U+790E

Chinese

trad.		礎
simp.		础

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (疋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
疋	ŋraːʔ, sŋra, *sŋraʔ
蝑	sŋas, sŋa
壻	*sŋeːs
婿	*sŋeːs
胥	sŋa, sŋaʔ
稰	sŋa, sŋaʔ
楈	sŋa, sŋaʔ
諝	sŋa, sŋaʔ
湑	sŋa, sŋaʔ
揟	*sŋa
醑	*sŋaʔ
糈	sŋaʔ, sŋraʔ
楚	sŋ̊ʰraʔ, sŋ̊ʰras
礎	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
憷	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
齼	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
濋	*sŋ̊ʰraʔ
儊	*sŋ̊ʰras
綀	*sŋra
疎	*sŋra
疏	sŋra, sŋras
蔬	*sŋra
梳	*sŋra

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ) : semantic 石 (“stone”) + phonetic 楚 (OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) – a kind of stone, a plinth.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chǔ (chu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): co²
Eastern Min (BUC): chū
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhó͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): co²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻu³
  - Yale: chǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
  - Palladius: чу (ču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: co²
  - Yale: chó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tso²
  - Guangdong Romanization: co²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: co²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰo⁵²/

Middle Chinese: tsrhjoX

Rime
Character	礎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	創舉切
Baxter	tsrhjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨʌ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɔ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨə̆^X/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiɔ^X/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭo^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯wo^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chǔ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	co²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	礎
Reading #	1/1
No.	11782
Phonetic component	疋
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	楚
Old Chinese	/*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/

Definitions

礎

Compounds

基礎／基础 (jīchǔ)
基礎代謝／基础代谢 (jīchǔ dàixiè)
基礎免疫／基础免疫
基礎工業／基础工业
基礎工程／基础工程
基礎教育／基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
基礎條約／基础条约
基礎科學／基础科学 (jīchǔ kēxué)
基礎設施／基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)
基礎課／基础课
基礎課程／基础课程
基礎音／基础音
基礎體溫／基础体温
客戶基礎／客户基础 (kèhù jīchǔ)
巢礎／巢础
礎潤而雨／础润而雨
礎石／础石 (chǔshí)
經濟基礎／经济基础 (jīngjì jīchǔ)

Japanese

Kanji

礎

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

cornerstone

Readings

Go-on: しょ (sho)
Kan-on: そ (so, Jōyō)
Kun: いしずえ (ishizue, 礎, Jōyō)
Nanori: もとい (motoi)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
礎
いしずえ Grade: S
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 礎 – see the following entry.

【いしずえ】

[noun] foundation stone

[noun] (figurative) foundation (of a field of study, etc.)

(This term, 礎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 礎 (MC tsrhjoX). Recorded as Middle Korean 초〮 (chwó) (Yale: chwó) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰo̞]
Phonetic hangul: [초]

Hanja

Wikisource 礎 (eumhun 주춧돌 초 (juchutdol cho))

Hanja form^? of 초 (“cornerstone”).

Compounds

기초 (基礎, gicho)
초석 (礎石, choseok)
주초 (柱礎, jucho)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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