界

See also: 畍
界 U+754C, 界
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-754C
← 畋
[U+754B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 畍 →
[U+754D]

Translingual
Stroke order
9 strokes
Stroke order (Japan)
9 strokes

Han character

界 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田人中中 (WOLL), four-corner 46128, composition ⿱田介(G) or ⿳田八⿰丿丨(HTJKV))

Derived characters

References
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 760, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21775
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1170, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2534, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+754C

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 界
alternative forms 畍

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 界
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (介) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
妎 *ɡaːds, *ɡeːds
芥 *kreːds
尬 *kreːds
界 *kreːds
介 *kreːds
疥 *kreːds
玠 *kreːds
砎 *kreːds, *kreːd, *ɡraːd
魪 *kreːds
价 *kreːds
衸 *kreːds, *ɡreːds
齘 *ɡreːds
骱 *ɡaːd, *kreːd
扴 *kreːd
圿 *kreːd
忦 *kreːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kreːds) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 介 (OC *kreːds).

Pronunciation

Note:
  • kài - literary;
  • kè/kòe - vernacular.
Rime
Character 界
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 皆 (33)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古拜切
Baxter keajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kˠɛiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kᵚæiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kɐiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kəɨjH/
Li
Rong		 /kɛiH/
Wang
Li		 /kɐiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kăiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jiè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 gaai3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 界
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jiè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ kɛjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*kˁr[e][t]-s/
English boundary

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 界
Reading # 1/1
No. 6524
Phonetic
component		 介
Rime
group		 祭
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 誡
Old
Chinese		 /*kreːds/

Definitions

界

  1. boundary
    境界  ―  jìngjiè  ―  boundary; state
    中華人民共和國省界糾紛 [MSC, trad.]
    中华人民共和国省界纠纷 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó shěngjiè jiūfēn [Pinyin]
    PRC provincial boundary dispute
  2. domain; realm; zone; area
  3. circle; world; industry
    音樂界／音乐界  ―  yīnyuèjiè  ―  the music world; music circles
  4. (taxonomy) kingdom

Compounds

See also

References

Japanese

Kanji
界

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. world
  2. border

Readings

(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
界
かい
Grade: 3
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 界 (MC keajH, “boundary”).

In Buddhist contexts, derived from the Middle Chinese term used as a translation of Sanskrit धातु (dhātu, “layer, stratum”).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

界(かい) • (kai) 

  1. boundary
  2. a bounded area or region
  3. a bounded group of people, a society, a world as a social grouping, such as business, celebrities, or finance
    Used both as a standalone noun, and in compounds. Use in compounds is more common in this sense.
    自然(しぜん)の界(かい)、自然(しぜん)界(かい)
    shizen no kai, shizenkai
    the natural world
    美術界(びじゅつかい)
    bijutsukai
    the art world
  4. the border edge of a thing
  5. (Buddhism) the category of a thing
  6. (Buddhism) the world or realm of a thing
  7. lines drawn between the lines of a text, as on lined writing paper
  8. lines drawn to lay out a draft of a piece of artwork: a sketch
  9. (biology, taxonomy) a kingdom
  10. (geology) a stratum corresponding to a geologic age
Coordinate terms
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
界
さかい
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 界 – see the following entry.
【境さかい】5
[noun] border, boundary, limits
[proper noun] a surname
(This term, 界, is an alternative spelling (less common) of the above term.)

Usage notes
  • More commonly spelled 境. Derived terms primarily use that spelling, so see that entry for more details.

References
  1. “界”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 界 (MC keajH). Recorded as Middle Korean 계〯 (kyěy) (Yale: kyey) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource 界 (eumhun 지경 계 (jigyeong gye))

  1. Hanja form? of 계 (“boundary”).

Compounds
Compounds

References
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

界: Hán Nôm readings: giới

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.