ܕ-

From Aramaic דְּ־ (də-).

• IPA^(key): [d(ə)-]
• IPA^(key): [ʔɪd-] (at starting speech)

ܕ- • (d-)

1. (relative pronoun) that, which, who(m).

   ܒܸܚܫܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܝܘܸܢ ܕܝܼܠܹܗ ܐܵܢܲܢܩܵܝܵܐ. ― biḥšāḇā ìwen d-īlēh ānanqāyā. ― I think that it is important.

   ܙܘܼܙܹ̈ܐ ܕܐ݇ܬܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܬܸܡܵܠ. ― zuzē d-tē lhon timmāl. ― The money that came yesterday.

2. As an intensified structure for noun phrases

   ܡܸܣܟܹܝܢܵܐ ܕܣܵܒ݂ܝܼ ― miskēnā d-sāḇī ― My very humble grandfather (literally, “The humble one who is my grandfather.”)

   ܗܲܘܢܵܢܵܐ ܕܡܵܪܩܘܿܣ ― hawnānā d-Mārqōs ― The very smart Mark (Used sarcastically) (literally, “The smart one who is Mark.”)

   ܣܪܝܼܚܵܐ ܕܐܲܚܘܿܢܹܗ ― srīḥā d-aḥōnēh ― His very impudent brother (literally, “The impudent one who is his brother.”)

   ܡܚܘܼܣܝܵܐ ܕܒܵܒܝܼ ― mḥussyā d-bābī ― My late father (literally, “The absolved one who is my father.”)

   ܒܝܼܫܵܐ ܕܣܵܛܵܢܵܐ ― bīšā d-sāṭānā ― Satan the very evil one (literally, “The evil one who is Satan.”)

ܕ- • (d-)

1. in order that, for, so that used to indicate purpose

   ܘܵܠܹܐ ܕܐܵܟ݂ܠܹܬ ܕܡܲܣܒ݂ܸܥܸܬ ܠܹܗ ܟܸܦܢܘܼܟ݂. ― wālē d-āḵlēt d-masḇiʿit lēh kipnuḵ. ― You have to eat so that you can satsify your hunger.

• ܩܵܐ ܕ- (qā d-)

ܕ- • (d-)

1. Of, belonging to, owned by, pertaining to.

   ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܠܘܼܩܵܐ ― ktāḇā d-luqā ― Luke’s book (literally, “The book of Luke”)

   ܐܲܝܟܵܐ ܝܠܹܗ ܐܵܗܵܐ ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ ܕܝܼܘܼܟ݂؟ ― aykā ìlēh āhā ktāḇā dīyuḵ? ― Where is that book of yours?

• Occasionally the variant ܕܲ- (da-) is used in some learned borrowings from Classical Syriac, when preceding a two-consonant cluster. E.g. ܐܵܓ݂ܘܿܓ݂ܵܐ ܕܲܕܡܵܐ (āḡōḡā da-dmā, “blood vessel”) and ܩܸܢܛܪܘܿܢ ܕܲܡܕ݂ܝܼܢܬܵܐ (qinṭrōn damḏīntā, “downtown”).

• ܕܝܼܠ (dīl, “belonging to”)

• (standard) IPA^(key): [dɪ-], [diː]

ܕܸ- or ܕܝܼ • (di- or dī)

1. intensifier of annoyance or anger in urging or request, used before imperatives

   ܕܝܼ ܡܲܐܬ݂ܝܼ ܠܝܼ ܠܵܗ̇! ― dī maˀṯī lī lāh! ― Just go bring it to me!

2. particle indicating kind request or urging used before imperatives

   ܕܝܼ ܐ݇ܡܘܿܪ ܠܝܼ! ― dī mōr lī! ― Kindly tell me!

The perceived meaning of this particle, used either kindly or unkindly, is dependent on the tone of voice it is said in.