ء

Most Arabic dialects early on lost the Proto-Semitic glottal stop, which caused compensatory lengthening of a preceding short vowel. At the beginning of the Islamic period only some of the most conservative lects preserved the consonant. Therefore it was not reflected in the spelling: One generally wrote and pronounced ذِيب (ḏīb, “wolf”), for example. The grammarians, however, favoured the conservative pronunciation and indicated the glottal stop with various diacritic marks, which ultimately led to the contemporary ذِئْب (ḏiʔb).

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/

ء or هَمْزَة • (ʔ or hamza)

1. Hamza (ء) is a sign in the Arabic script that represents the glottal stop /ʔ/. It can be considered a diacritic or a letter, but it is not counted among the 28 letters of the alphabet. The exact spelling of the glottal stop depends on the combination of vowels that follow and precede it. It may be written with آ /ʔaː/, أ /ʔa/, /aʔ/, /ʔu/, إ /ʔi/, ئ /ʔi/, /iʔ/, ؤ /ʔu/, /uʔ/, or, usually after a long vowel, ء.

• The curious vowel-dependent spelling of ء means that the triptotic noun declension, which is normally not reflected in the spelling, may become visible before a pronominal suffix. Compare: أَصْدِقاؤُنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔunā, “our friends”, nominative), أَصْدِقائِنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔinā, genitive), أَصْدِقاءَنَا (ʔaṣdiqāʔanā, accusative).

• آ (ʔā), أ (ʔ), إ (ʔ), ؤ (ʔ), ئ (ʔ), ٱ
• Arabic alphabet on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• IPA^(key): /ʔ/, [ʔ]

ء (’)

1. The forty-seventh letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script

• (Name of letter) IPA^(key): [hamzah]
• (Phoneme) IPA^(key): [(ʔ)], [ʔ]

ء

1. The thirty-third letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.

• (Arabic script letters) ا,‎ ب,‎ ت,‎ ة,‎ ث,‎ ج,‎ چ,‎ ح,‎ خ,‎ د,‎ ذ,‎ ر,‎ ز,‎ س,‎ ش,‎ ص,‎ ض,‎ ط,‎ ظ,‎ ع,‎ غ,‎ ڠ,‎ ف,‎ ڤ,‎ ق,‎ ک,‎ ݢ,‎ گ,‎ ل,‎ م,‎ ن,‎ و,‎ ۏ,‎ ه,‎ ہ,‎ ھ,‎ ء,‎ ي,‎ ى,‎ ی,‎ ے,‎ ڽ ^[edit]

• (lettername):
  • (Classical, Dari) IPA^(key): /hamza/
  • (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /hamze/
• (phonemes):
  • (Formal, all dialects) IPA^(key): [ʔ] or deleted.
  • (colloquial, Dari) IPA^(key): [ɑː], [oː], [eː], [w], [j] or deleted.

ء • (hamze)

1. همزه (hamze/hamza, “Hamza”) – a character representing a glottal stop. It is considered a letter but is not counted as part of the Persian alphabet.

• أ
• إ
• ؤ
• ئ

• (letter name): IPA^(key): /ɦəm.zɑ(ː)/
• (phoneme):
  • (predominate, above a vowel): silent
  • (above he): IPA^(key): /jɪ/, [je], [ji]
  • (independent, rare): IPA^(key): /ʔ/ or silent
    • Unlike other languages using the Arabic script, Urdu does not commonly use Hamza as a glottal stop. Its primary usage is to act as a zero consonant to allow two adjacent vowels; گاؤں (gāõ), for example, is pronounced /ɡɑː.õ/ not /ɡɑː.ʔõ/.

ء • (' or hamza)

1. ہَمْزَہ (hamza, “Hamza”) – the thirty-fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet.

• (Urdu letters containing a hamza) ئ, ؤ (o), ۂ (h-yi)
• (Letters of the Urdu alphabet) ا (ء, آ), ب (b), پ (p), ت (t), ٹ (ṭ), ث (s), ج (j), چ (c), ح (h), خ (x), د (d), ڈ (ḍ), ذ (z), ر (r), ڑ (ṛ), ز (z), ژ (ź), س (s), ش (ś), ص (s), ض (z), ط (t), ظ (z), ع ('), غ (ġ), ف (f), ق (q), ک (k), گ (g), ل (l), م (m), ن (n) (ں), ہ (h) (ۂ, ھ), و (w) (ؤ), ی (y) (ئ, ے),